WHERE IS THE VILLAGE GOING? MAINTAINING AND INCLUDING CULTURAL STRENGTHS TO PROTECT CHILDREN ORPHANED IN KENYA

This article is the result of a master's thesis about children and their universal right to be included in a family environment. This is not only protected under international law, but also intuitive to human beings. HIV‐AIDS continues to threaten lives of children, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa in the form of orphaning. Looking at a case study from Kenya, it is revealed that, while legal protection is yet to be fully realized in the state, strong cultural norms of value are alive. Currently, the extended family system is the greatest protection to children orphaned or at risk of being orphaned. However, this system was made invisible in the domestic laws of Kenya under the Children Act 2001. This neglect calls for questions not only regarding the protection cultural norms may offer, according to the best interests of children, but also as to the cultural environment being created with the new law.     

文明论:东北亚研究的新视角

作为东北亚区域研究重要的理论架构,文明理论可以帮助我们打破传统的东亚文明“浑然一体论”的束缚,进一步理解东北亚区域文明的基础构造,把握东北亚区域文明结构体系内部“中心—边缘”间复杂的互动关系,处理好国别研究和区域文明整体研究之间的关系,在比较中加深我们对东北亚区域的理解。     

三种哺乳动物朊蛋白基因的克隆与分析

以外周血液的总DNA为模板,运用PCR方法克隆了汉族人、秦川黄牛和甘肃土种绵羊的Prnp基因,运用分子生物学软件对这些序列进行了分析比较。结果表明,获得的3种哺乳动物的Prnp基因均位于1个单一的外显子内,与GenBank中登录的相应序列具有高度同源性,达99.0%。牛与绵羊Prnp基因同源性为97.3%,推导氨基酸序列同源性为96.5%。人Prnp基因与黄牛和绵羊Prnp基因的同源性分别为86.7%和87.1%,其氨基酸序列的同源性均为90.0%。3种Prnp基因均有富含G-C的重复区,编码的PrP蛋白均由氨基端的信号肽、中间的成熟蛋白和羧基端的GPⅠ锚结合位点组成。基因型分析表明,秦川黄牛和甘肃土种绵羊可能存在感染海绵状脑病的风险。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒陕西分离株M蛋白基因的变异及其B细胞表位稳定性

以陕西8株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(AIBV)分离株M蛋白的基因序列为基础,应用DNAStar软件中的MegAlign模块对其进行了同源性分析;用Kyte-Doolittle方法、Jameson-Wolf方法、Karplus-Schulz方法、Plot-Emini方法和Garnier-Robson方法综合预测了其中4株代表毒株的M蛋白B细胞抗原表位和二级结构。结果,8株AIBV的M蛋白主要在10~40 aa和90~175 aa处存在无规律的点突变,与参考毒株H52、M41、SAIB20、LX和Gray的M蛋白的核苷酸序列和预测的氨基酸序列的同源性分别介于87.4%~99.5%和96.3%~99.5%;分离株间的核苷酸序列和预测的氨基酸序列同源性分别介于91.8%~99.8%和95.4%~100%。4株代表株的M蛋白B细胞优势抗原表位都在159~164 aa和181~193 aa肽段区(这2个区域都包含了无规则卷曲和β-转角结构)或其附近。结果表明,AIBV分离株的M蛋白基因相对保守,只存在无规律的点突变,该变异对AIBV M蛋白B细胞表位的稳定性无影响。     

丝状霉形体山羊亚种巢式PCR检测方法的建立

根据已发表的丝状霉形体簇各成员核苷酸序列,设计合成了2对引物McF、McR和MmcF、MmcR,建立了可以鉴别丝状霉形体山羊亚种(Mycoplasma mycoidessubsp.capri,Mmc)的巢式PCR方法。特异性和敏感性试验结果显示,该方法只能对Mmc扩增出195 bp的片段,而对其他病原菌不能扩增出任何条带,它最低能够检测出10 pg的Mmc DNA,说明该方法具有良好的特异性和很高的敏感性。田间试验结果显示,对4株霉形体分离株及其病料均可扩增出Mmc特异性片段,表明,该巢式PCR方法可用于Mmc快速鉴定和流行病学调查。     

荣辱观:在理性与利益的天平上——当代未成年人荣辱知行现状

对于青少年荣辱知行现状的调查,应在相应的理论框架下设计问卷、解读数据。应调整青少年教育的思路,加强未成年人荣辱观教育,注重在大众化的层面上逐步提高其荣辱知行水平,使社会更加和谐。     

吸收借鉴其它执政党的有益经验不断提高我们党的执政能力

不同性质的政党之间,既有矛盾的对立性,又有矛盾的同一性,它们应该而且必须相互借鉴.中国共产党只有积极借鉴吸收其它政党治国理政的有益经验,同时在吸收借鉴中遵循正确的原则,结合中国新的实践进行新的创造,为我所用,才能巩固和发展自己的执政地位,不断提高我们党的执政能力.     

The Frontiers of Legal Analysis: Reframing the Transition in Northern Ireland

British constitutional legal discourse is structurally limited in its capacity to capture the complexity of the Good Friday Agreement. Rather than assessing the Agreement in narrow devolutionary terms, it should be seen as a hybrid domestic and international law instrument, making an important contribution to accepted international law norms in relation to self-determination. The Agreement transforms and partly transcends the Northern Ireland conflict by substituting political contestation for violent conflict, and by defining the modalities of conducting that contestation. This analysis complements classical international law perspectives, and opens up the application of legal discourses associated with 'transitional justice' to the legal and political transformation in Northern Ireland. These discourses focus on the problem of reconciling the demands of peace with the imperatives of justice. The Agreement sits squarely in this terrain with its provisions on 'dealing with the past' and 'institutional legacies'. The insights gained here challenge orthodox thinking about conflict-management and the ongoing political process.     

试析澳门反"黑"立法对策及其借鉴之处

通过对澳门反“黑”立法对策的分析,得出的借鉴之处是:重视黑社会犯罪原因,从源头上控制黑社会犯罪;界定黑社会(性质)概念,方便司法;完善黑社会(性质)犯罪刑事立法;完善打击黑社会(性质)犯罪的诉讼立法;加强打击黑社会下游犯罪力度,以堵塞黑社会(性质)犯罪的后路。     

浅议入世后我国中小企业经济发展政策

加入WTO后 ,我国中小企业既面临着发展的机遇 ,也面临着严峻的挑战。中小企业的经济管理及其成长发展的优劣 ,对正在向市场经济体制转轨并已成为世贸组织成员的中国来讲 ,具有十分特殊的意义。我国应把促进中小企业经济发展作为 2 1世纪的一个重大战略决策来对待 ,并实施与之相适应的有关政策