驻朝苏联军管机构与北朝鲜土地改革刍议

北朝鲜1946年土地改革是驻朝鲜苏联军事管制机构与北朝鲜临时人民委员会共同努力的结果。这次改革具有政治、经济双重意义。它推动了北朝鲜战后经济重建,巩固了当地民主化的基础。     

No ‘return to the state’: dependency and developmentalism against neo-liberalism

In the emerging ‘post-Washington Consensus’ era, neo-liberalism is searching for alternatives that once again emphasise the state. Yet neither Latin American dependencia nor East Asian developmentalism – two development models actually practised ‘on the ground’ – shares the basic assumptions of the liberal, rationalist state. First, there persists a significant ontological divide over the purpose of the state. Developmentalists and dependentists advocate deep, dynamic state agency rather than the hands-off, liberal, ‘night-watchman’ state. Second, development theory has unfolded within a modern liberal framework of science, democracy, the interests of US foreign policy, and increasingly a commitment to poverty alleviation. Dependency and developmentalism reject these neo-liberal benchmarks in the interests of state consolidation and autonomy. The persistence of dependentist and developmentalist understandings of the state precludes a uniform, post-neoliberal reversal in development theory back to the state.     

埃及北部三角洲城市走廊探析

城市走廊是在经济全球化迅猛发展的背景下,城市化速度加快、城市空间大型化过程中形成的一种城市空间形态。埃及城市化进程深入以及区域经济的发展,导致北部三角洲城市走廊形成,并在发展过程中呈现出较强的通达性、土地利用复杂化和节点城市间引力差异明显等特征。三角洲城市走廊已成为该区域重要的基础设施带、区域发展的核心以及国家区域规划的主要目标。从世界范围看,三角洲城市走廊发展尚处于初级阶段,面临着城市沿走廊无序蔓延、协调机制不完善和地价飞涨等问题。尽管如此,三角洲城市走廊跨国化发展已成趋势。     

转型期经济社会和谐稳定发展的若干思考——以中东北非政局动荡原因分析及启示为研究视角

从2010年底发生持续至今的中东北非政局动荡,似乎已告一段落,该地区多国政局的动荡,其由来和特点都有共通之处。作为同是发展中国家及现代化转型国家的中国,探索转型期经济社会稳定发展的道路,我们从中东北非发生政局动荡中可以得到以下启示：必须深入贯彻落实科学发展观,升级我国初级发展模式;必须加强各项社会制度建设,解决人民呼声强烈的民生问题;必须坚持走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路,积极稳妥地深化政治体制改革,为建设和谐幸福社会提供政治保障,积极推进社会管理创新等。     

论西部大开发增长极带动发展战略——以广西北部湾经济区和西江经济带作一极为例

10年西部大开发为西部地区实现跨越发展提供了坚实的基础。西部地区幅员广阔,发展条件差别较大。根据区域经济非均衡理论,通过实施增长极发展战略促进西部加快发展是今后西部开发较切合实际的选择。广西北部湾经济区和西江经济带发展条件优越,可作为西部地区带动增长极进行培育。国家应该在西部地区选定更多发展条件好的地区加以重点扶持,使它们迅速发展成为西部地区发展的龙头,带动整个西部地区又好又快发展,进而实现与东中部地区的平衡协调发展。     

A study of sexual dimorphism in the femur among North Indians

Determination of sex of unknown skeleton remains is the most important step in the identification process. Racial and regional differences in the populations create and maintain specificity in their dimorphic characteristics. Moreover, considering continued secular changes in the population structure, constant revision of osteometric standards becomes mandatory. In an effort to establish osteometric standards for the femur of contemporary North Indian populations, 122 adult femora of known sex (M: 94; F: 28) were collected in the Department of Forensic Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi. Eight standard parameters were measured and analyzed by discriminant function analysis using SPSS 16. The accuracy of sex prediction ranged from 70.5% to 83.6% with single variables. In stepwise analysis, epicondylar breadth, proximal breadth, and antero-posterior diameter of the lateral condyle were found to be the most discriminating variables providing an accuracy of 90.2%. The results clearly indicate the importance of the ends of femur in the determination of sex.     

The Role of Mitigating Factors in Capital Sentencing Before and After McKoy v. North Carolina

In 1990, the United States Supreme Court ruled that capital jurors do not have to be unanimous in deciding whether or not to accept any particular mitigating circumstance presented to them by the defense during the penalty phase of a capital murder trial. This study examines whether this shift in procedure may have altered the role of mitigation in predicting capital sentencing outcomes by comparing death sentencing predictors before and after the McKoy decision with data from an extensive sample of capital cases in North Carolina tried between 1977 and 2002. The results indicate that (1) both the number of aggravating and mitigating circumstances accepted by capital jurors had statistically significant and substantial effects on capital sentencing outcomes both before and after the McKoy decision; (2) the number of mitigating circumstances presented to and accepted by capital juries in North Carolina doubled during the post‐McKoy period; and (3) the influence of mitigating circumstance on capital sentencing outcomes was attenuated in the post‐McKoy period. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

北美刑事司法教育的发展及其启示

北美刑事司法教育是伴随着美国、加拿大警察专业化运动的产生与发展而兴起的。特 殊的历史渊源决定了美、加两国的刑事司法教育制度带有英国体制的烙印;在加拿大的局部地区,还带有 法国体制的明显痕迹。北美刑事司法教育的基本特点是:具有独立的行业发展理念和内部规范;专业要求 有高度的心智活动,并需要有较强的判断力;具有特殊的知识领域;通识教育与特殊的专业知识教育相结 合;根据职业要求不断进行相关培训;已经形成终身职业制度;以服务社会为最高目的;设有健全的专业 组织。从下述方面借鉴北美刑事司法教育体系具有现实意义:设置专门的学科专业,找准办学定位和培养 目标;学历教育与在职培训并重,形成较完整的体系;较好地处理教学、科研以及为实战服务三者的关 系;有规范化的行业内评估机制;教学方法多样化,内容设计要理论与实践相结合;形成高质量的专兼职 教师队伍。     

The capacity to aspire: young persons and gender–age relations in southern Tajikistan and North India

ABSTRACT

Rather than studying young men's career- and/or economic-based aspirations, this article explores the obstacles that hinder youths of both sexes in gerontocratic southern Tajikistan and North India from developing the capacity to make their own life choices. Focusing mainly on the selection of marital partner and largely on women, I explore the narratives of those who have never even dreamed of a good life, of others who have dreamed but been unable to actualize their dreams, of a few who have started to plan the way forward, and of a tiny number who actually managed to achieve their aspirations, teasing out the influences that facilitate this. I suggest that even educated youths with some control over their public lives are constricted by their family relations and that it requires quite specific support to defy one’s family, which can create significant vulnerabilities in settings with no other safety net.