清代夫权的法定与恣意——基于《大清律例》与刑科档案的考察

理学是清代统治阶级所尊奉的正统学说,夫权具有深厚的生存土壤。从《大清律例》与刑科档案考察,清代的夫权主要包括夫可自由处分家产而不受限制的财产权;夫肆意詈骂妻而不被处罚、殴妻轻罚与不罚及过失杀妻勿论的教令权;妻犯七出时的休妻权;妻背夫逃亡或者犯奸时的嫁卖权;妻殴骂夫之直系尊亲属或犯奸时,杀死该有罪之妻的选择权等。清律法定的夫权至上,导致现实生活中夫权被恣意发挥,这也是清代夫犯妻案件多发的主要原因。     

Political generations in Northern Ireland

Since the late 1980s, Northern Ireland has seen a radical electoral shift away from the historically dominant parties in the Catholic and Protestant blocs – the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), respectively – towards the traditionally more ‘extreme’ parties – Sinn Fein and the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). This change in aggregate support has been accompanied by increasing differences between generations as older cohorts of UUP and SDLP supporters have been replaced by newer cohorts of DUP and Sinn Fein partisans. This is not a result of increased polarisation in values and attitudes (whether overtly political or simply communal intolerance) among younger cohorts who are, if anything, slightly more moderate than their forbears. Rather, this results from the changing political context in which new generations have been socialised – in particular the expanded choice sets facing voters as they have reached voting age. This in turn has positive implications for the consolidation of devolved democratic governance.     

新罗宾贡生的汉诗与唐代格律诗

朝鲜从初唐时期开始就通过新罗宾贡生接受了中国格律诗的影响。其诗作集中表现了感时伤事、思乡、惜别、人生无常的情感;讲求押韵、平仄、对仗,同时用典灵活自然,注重运用隐喻手法;另外,其诗作深受晚唐唯美主义诗风的影响,但崔致远和朴仁范则体现出淡雅、通俗直白、叙事与议论相结合的现实主义诗风。     

Suspect graveyard burial (South Armagh,N. Ireland): Combined search,forensic anthropology and radiocarbon dating

Geophysical investigation of a former convent graveyard for conversion to a community centre identified an unrecorded, unmarked burial below a later burial. Archaeological excavation confirmed the presence of skeletonized human remains, considered by police as a possible clandestine burial. Mortuary examination indicated the remains belonged to a mature adult female. To determine whether the deceased could be a recorded missing person, radiocarbon dating was undertaken on a femur and a rib bone. This is not always straightforward, and results showed two possible ages due to intercepts on either side of the nuclear weapons testing spike in atmospheric ¹⁴C; however, the later dated burial allowed us to constrain the date of a rib to CE 1959. This study demonstrates that dating a second tissue with a longer turnaround time, such as a femur, can help to constrain which side of the bomb spike is most probable. This paper documents in one work the search, scene and sample and then advances this to resolution by anthropological analysis and radiocarbon dating of human remains.