处理银行卡盗刷纠纷的法理基础及实务要点

对于银行卡盗刷纠纷的法律处理,在迄今为止的司法实践中基本是沿着合同法思路展开。这种惯常思路固然能够给当事人以法律安抚而致银行卡应用实践以法律秩序,但实际上是以耗损效率和弱化公正为代价的。银行卡是代表持卡人财产权利的资格证券,因其使用中权利人识别机制的特点,相关义务人的识别义务、归责模式及免责事由均有本属规则,并非通常合同法规则所能涵盖,如银行卡上的证券关系与据以形成的合同关系相分离,对卡权利人的识别义务与卡的占有状态及持卡人的过错无关等。因此在处理银行卡盗刷纠纷的司法实践中,应当把握银行卡作为权利凭证的法律性质及应用规则,以此作为伪卡盗刷与网络盗刷的本质区别,并由此展开银行卡盗刷案件的情形类别设定及相应处理规则。     

信息化背景下流窜抢劫案件的侦查困境及对策

随着经济的高速发展,信息化和交通业蓬勃发展,其在给人们生活带来方便的同时,也给犯罪分子利用交通工具远距离流窜作案提供了新途径。而此类案件中,以远距离流窜抢劫较为普遍。面对此类案件的新特点,侦查部门只有先从信息化背景下流窜抢劫案件频发的原因剖析出发,结合案件的特点深入分析案件的侦查困境,才能有效探求其侦查对策,以实现遏制此类案件发生的目标。     

事后抢劫罪若干问题刍议

事后抢劫罪并非一个独立的罪名,而是经法律拟制为抢劫罪。司法解释关于已满14周岁不满16周岁的相对刑事责任年龄的人能否成立事后抢劫罪出现了不一致的规定,立足解释论的立场,“犯盗窃、诈骗、抢夺罪”被重新理解,故此承认相对刑事责任年龄的人是本罪的犯罪主体。事后抢劫罪与承继的共犯也是一个疑难问题,事后抢劫罪不是身份犯,后行为人成立共同正犯和共犯的想象竞合。但是,根据正犯优于共犯的法理,以故意伤害罪或者故意杀人罪的共同正犯论定刑事责任。最后,事后抢劫罪存在未遂,盗窃等前提行为相对于事后抢劫罪是一种潜在的实行行为,经由后续暴行、胁迫行为的实施,成为一种显在的实行行为。     

Party politics and the survival of central bank governors

Legally independent central banks leave elected politicians with little direct control over monetary policy. The most important indirect channel of influence for governments thus consists in appointing ‘responsive’ central bank officials and removing ‘hostile’ ones. This premise is tested by examining the effect of partisan ties between central bank governors and governments or presidents in 30 European democracies between 1945 and 2012. Drawing on an original dataset containing information on the party affiliations of 195 governors, event history models are employed to show that affiliation with a party represented in the executive (the government or the presidency) has a large and significant positive effect on governor survival. However, affiliation with an opposition party only increases governors' hazards during the first four years of their term, suggesting that the impact of the party label may be overridden as more reliable information about a governor becomes available.     

银行破产法理论的现实意义解读

金融全球化的当今社会,无论是经济学家还是法学家,都满怀热情地把目光投向银行破产问题的研究。在现实背景之下诞生的银行破产法理论必将在对银行危机及银行破产制度安排的理解、当今破产运动的发展认识、加强银行破产立法工作以及澄清理论的模糊四个方面产生深远的影响。     

论加重抢劫罪的既遂与未遂

根据刑法第263条的规定,笔者认为,抢劫罪主要有两种典型形态,即以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法抢劫公私财物的构成基本抢劫罪;在满足基本抢劫罪构成要件的基础上,又具备某一加重因素的构成加重抢劫罪。为了贯彻罪责刑相适应的原则,文章结合实践,对加重抢劫罪的既遂与未遂予以理论探讨,以期对确立加重抢劫罪既遂与未遂的标准、指导司法实践、准确量刑,有所裨益。     

日本主银行体制研究述评

日本主银行体制是一种独特的制度安排,它曾有力地支撑了战后日本经济的高速增长,可是现在却又成为日本经济复苏的制度性障碍。主银行体制作为后发国的一种融资体系,对于发展中国家有重要的借鉴意义。主银行体制以其与企业间长期交易关系为基础,与美英等国以资本市场为基础的融资体系相比,具有明显不同的特征。     

变造银行卡诈骗犯罪案件的特点与对策

随着银行卡的日益普及 ,利用高科技手段变造银行卡并进行诈骗犯罪活动的案件不断增多 ,具有作案过程迅速 ,犯罪手段智能化 ,组织性和隐蔽强等特点。因此必须加大宣传力度 ,提高持卡人的防范意识 ;银行系统要全面落实防范措施 ,做好基础工作 ;协调各方面力量 ,共同打击犯罪。     

国际银行破产法律冲突的若干问题研究

与一般企业甚至跨国公司的破产不同 ,国际银行破产具有很强的“公共敏感性” ,因此常常伴随更多的监管干预。同时 ,大型金融集团的出现和并表监管原则的实施使得国际银行破产法与传统破产法所主张的地域性原则有着明显的法律冲突。这既包括管辖权冲突、单一实体制度与独立实体制度间的冲突 ,也包括法律适用及破产程序与协助上的冲突。针对上述冲突 ,我们应遵循国际合作、考虑银行破产特殊性、灵活与务实等原则 ,从法律礼让、国内破产体制的完善、国际合作与协调等层面寻求解决冲突的途径和方法。     

Economic Transition in Latin American and Post-Communist Countries: A Comparison of Multilateral Development Banks

This article examines regional development banks and their relationship with the World Bank. Specifically, the article analyzes the roles of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and the factors that have influenced the creation of these international financial institutions. Most of the literature examines regional development banking practices and development strategies as if all regional banks were the same. However, the missions of the IDB and the EBRD are quite distinct. While the IDB primarily provides social sector loans to nation-states, the EBRD primarily provides private sector loans for finance and business development. Given that Latin America and the former Soviet Union share many of the same economic, political and social problems, it is surprising that these institutions are so different. What accounts for the different missions of these regional banks? We find that the influence of borrowing and non-borrowing member states in the creation of these banks can help explain some of the differences between the IDB and the EBRD.