法官职业化问题浅议

推进法官职业化建设,是确保法官素质、实现司法公正的前提。在当前实现法官职业化,就要进行以高素质 法律人才库为依托的法官选任制度改革。     

TESTING FOR TEMPORALLY DIFFERENTIATED RELATIONSHIPS AMONG POTENTIALLY CRIMINOGENIC PLACES AND CENSUS BLOCK STREET ROBBERY COUNTS

This study examined street robbery patterns in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from the years 2009 to 2011 to determine whether the effects of potentially criminogenic places are different across different periods of the day. Census block (N = 13,164) street robbery counts across four periods (6:45 a.m . to 9:59 a.m., 10:00 a.m . to 4:29 p.m ., 4:30 p.m . to 9:14 p.m ., and 9:15 p.m. to 6:44 a.m. ) were modeled with 12 different potentially criminogenic places, 3 measures of illicit markets, 4 compositional control variables, and spatially lagged versions of the 12 potentially criminogenic places and population using simultaneously estimated negative binomial regression models. Differences in the magnitudes of the parameter estimates across the time periods were assessed with Wald tests. Overall, the patterns across the four models were mostly consistent with the effects hypothesized based on the study's crime pattern theory and time‐geography theoretical frame; yet differences in the magnitudes of the coefficients were less pronounced than hypothesized. Overall, the results provide moderate support for the crime pattern theory and time‐geography explanation of spatial‐temporal robbery patterns; however, numerous points are raised for future crime and place research.     

适时推进“学分银行计划”项目的战略背景分析

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》和《北京市中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020)征求意见稿》在继续教育和职业教育等内容中都明确提出"促进校企合作、建立学习成果认证体系、建立学分银行制度"等意见,这既是"学分银行计划"项目当前所面临的重大政策背景,也是适时推进"学分银行计划"项目的重要机遇。     

抢劫罪适用死刑的司法控制

法理上将抢劫罪区分为基本类型的抢劫罪、结果加重类型的抢劫罪与情节加重类型的抢劫罪,这种划分符合我国刑法关于抢劫罪死刑设置的原意,且更有利于运用加重构成理论以及其未遂形态来限制死刑的适用。在司法实践中,适用死刑必须严格遵守死刑程序用尽原则。在对抢劫罪进行死刑司法控制时,应遵循罪刑法定原则,综合考虑犯罪嫌疑人的犯罪手段、犯罪动机、犯罪对象等,同时必须考虑其是否存在酌定量刑情节,通过刑事和解结案,不仅可以有效缓解社会矛盾,而且还可以起到限制死刑的作用。     

改革以来融资格局的变化

随着国民收入分配格局的变化 ,社会资金配置格局发生了两个重要转移 ,形成了以国有银行融资为主的融资格局。 90年代以来这种格局受到了新兴的证券市场和大量涌现的金融机构的挑战。银行和证券市场均未能演化为企业有效的外部监督者     

略论海上抢劫特点

海上抢劫犯罪活动区域非常广阔 ,涉及海上和陆上 ;犯罪预谋性强 ,准备比较充分 ;犯罪多为团伙作案 ,成员复杂 ;犯罪行为暴力色彩浓厚 ;窝赃销赃地选择性大 ;犯罪案件侦查涉外因素较多 ,取证较为困难     

试析“两抢一盗”案件的规律特点、成因及打防对策

两抢一盗案件是指抢劫、抢夺、盗窃案件,系典型的侵财型犯罪。此类案件量大面广,不仅主导着刑事案件的发案态势,也严重影响着人民群众的生命财产安全。虽然自2005年起公安部多次开展全国范围的严打整治专项行动,但是此类犯罪仍然居高不下。因此,根据两抢一盗案件的规律特点、成因制定打防对策是公安机关需要认真研究的重要课题。     

论转化型抢劫罪前提条件的范围

关于转化型抢劫罪前提条件的范围有三种观点,第一种认为转化型抢劫罪成立的范围仅限于侵犯财产罪;另一种则认为还应包括与盗窃罪、诈骗罪、抢夺罪有法条关系的犯罪;再一种认为,仅有部分侵犯了财产法益的特殊犯罪才能转化为抢劫罪。本文对以上各观点进行了评价,立足于体系解释的原理,主张刑法第二百六十九条转化型抢劫罪的范围应特指盗窃罪（第二百六十四条）、诈骗罪（第二百六十六条）和抢夺罪（第二百六十七条）。     

关于个人汽车消费贷款保证保险纠纷案件的法律分析

近日,中国保监会对个人汽车消费贷款保证保险旧条款紧急叫停,根本原因在于个人汽车消费贷款保证保险纠纷案件与日俱增。正确认识保证保险条款和保证保险合作协议之间的关系是正确解决此类纠纷的关键。个人汽车消费贷款保证保险不同于担保。借款合同尚未生效,保险人不应当承担保险责任。     

Crime Trends in the EU

The paper’s aim is to show to EU policy makers, academics, journalists and the general public what the available information tells us about crime levels, trends in crime and public opinion about crime among Member States. The paper centres on an analysis of current trends on crime levels and trends based on the data available both from victimisation surveys and police statistics. The victimisation survey source is the published data collected in the International Crime Victimisation Survey. A separate analysis based on the Eurobarometer was also carried out. Data on police statistics present two separate sources i.e. the Council of Europe Sourcebook and the crime data published annually by the UK Home Office. These two sources both add considerable value to the raw police statistics by their choice of data, their commentary and their technical explanations and definitions. The paper compares data on three crime types (robbery, domestic burglary and theft of a motor vehicle) across the 15 Member States of the European Union (as in 2003). These three types were selected in line with the priorities of the EU Commission and as types of crime that are a major concern for EU-citizens. The paper has been modified from a report produced by the European Crime prevention network for the EU Directorate of Justice and Home Affairs with the permission of the EU. The members of the network are listed in the appendix.