论抢劫罪、强奸罪客观行为之异同

对于抢劫罪与强奸罪的客观行为,在目前我国的刑法基本文本中表述是大致相同的.由此,在学界,关于如何理解刑法第263条抢劫罪与刑法第236条强奸罪的客观行为有了一定的争议.在目前我国刑法文本的框架下,采取体系解释的方式,两个条文中共同存在的“暴力、胁迫或者其他方法”的客观行为具有较为巨大的差异性和不同性,基于两个条文的自身...     

党政领导干部问责制的调查与分析

据2010年4月向B市中青干部培训班学员的问卷调查,大部分学员对B市实施问责制情况的评价不高,但对近年来全国性"问责风暴"的认同度要高得多,官员们的法治意识有所增强,但对问责制的学习和宣传还要加强。为进一步构建有效的问责制度,应明确问责决定机关,加强人大在问责中的作用,充分发挥司法机关、新闻媒体、人民群众的监督作用,还应明确问责对象、拓宽问责内容、统一问责标准。为优化问责制运行环境,还应建立有效权力监督机制,实现权力无缝隙配置。     

公安院校教育改革的几个关键问题

当前,公安院校教育改革迫切需要处理好几个关键问题,这就是公安教育的模式问题、人才培养目标问题以及公安教育的市场化问题。在教育模式上,现阶段的模式应当是兼顾学历教育和职业培训的双轨制,而未来的发展目标则是由公安院校专门负责职业培训的单轨制模式;在人才培养目标上,当前更需要的是专业化人才的培养;在公安教育的市场化问题上,适度的市场化才是符合现代警务实际需要的教育机制。     

重新审视暴力手段的基本特征

揭示明确暴力手段的内涵,应当注意把握其基本特征。暴力手段的主观特征包括故意性、目的性两个方面,客观特征包括作为性、强制性、对象性三个方面。     

The suitability of visual taphonomic methods for digital photographs: An experimental approach with pig carcasses in a tropical climate

In the context of increased scrutiny of the methods in forensic sciences, it is essential to ensure that the approaches used in forensic taphonomy to measure decomposition and estimate the postmortem interval are underpinned by robust evidence-based data. Digital photographs are an important source of documentation in forensic taphonomic investigations but the suitability of the current approaches for photographs, rather than real-time remains, is poorly studied which can undermine accurate forensic conclusions. The present study aimed to investigate the suitability of 2D colour digital photographs for evaluating decomposition of exposed human analogues (Sus scrofa domesticus) in a tropical savanna environment (Hawaii), using two published scoring methods; Megyesi et al., 2005 and Keough et al., 2017. It was found that there were significant differences between the real-time and photograph decomposition scores when the Megyesi et al. method was used. However, the Keough et al. method applied to photographs reflected real-time decomposition more closely and thus appears more suitable to evaluate pig decomposition from 2D photographs. The findings indicate that the type of scoring method used has a significant impact on the ability to accurately evaluate the decomposition of exposed pig carcasses from photographs. It was further identified that photographic taphonomic analysis can reach high inter-observer reproducibility. These novel findings are of significant importance for the forensic sciences as they highlight the potential for high quality photograph coverage to provide useful complementary information for the forensic taphonomic investigation. New recommendations to develop robust transparent approaches adapted to photographs in forensic taphonomy are suggested based on these findings.     

Effects of judicial instructions and juror characteristics on interpretations of beyond reasonable doubt

The standard of proof, beyond reasonable doubt (BRD), serves as a threshold for reaching verdicts in criminal cases. Past research has demonstrated that factors such as the wording of judicial instructions defining the standard can influence people's interpretation of it. In addition, there is some concern that instructions may not be effective for the wider jury-eligible population. In an experimental study involving members of the general public, we examined the effect of two commonly used judicial instructions (i.e. sure and firmly convinced) against a situation when BRD was undefined, on people's quantitative interpretations of BRD as well as on their self-reported understanding of the standard and confidence in applying it. We also explored the effect of juror characteristics (i.e. gender, age and education). Compared to when the standard was undefined, the sure instruction helped to reduce inter-individual variability in interpretations of BRD and the firmly convinced instruction increased people's understanding of the standard. However, neither instruction was effective in increasing confidence in applying the standard or in reducing observed individual differences. These findings underscore the importance of developing evidence-based judicial instructions that can benefit the broad jury-eligible population equally and in a variety of ways.     

What Difference Do Polarisation Measures Make? An Application to China

In recent years there has been much discussion of the difference between inequality and polarisation. The vast literature on inequality is held to miss out key features of distributional change, which are better described as changes in polarisation. Axioms have been proposed which capture some of these differences, and measures of polarisation, as distinct from inequality, have been suggested. The theoretical distinctions proposed in this literature are indeed interesting. But do the newly proposed measures of polarisation give different results in comparing societies over time? We address these questions for China, where dramatic increases in inequality and polarisation have been much discussed in the literature. We find that, contrary to theoretical expectation, the new measures of polarisation do not generate very different results from the standard measures of inequality. The paper ends by considering a different approach to polarisation which might better conform to the policy concerns expressed in the specific context of China.     

论侦查线索的发现与收集

侦查线索的发现与收集是刑事案件侦查的基础。对刑事案件侦查中侦查线索进行分析,提出"侦查线索依附犯罪行为客观存在"的观点,研究侦查线索的客观存在性,探讨侦查阶段侦查线索发现与收集内容的特定性和方法的规律性,为打击制止犯罪活动奠定扎实的基础工作。     

技术标准垄断的法律控制

在知识经济条件下知识产权对经济生活的作用日益凸显,并在高新技术的快速发展中不断得以扩张与强化,其与技术标准结合所形成的技术标准垄断,对市场竞争的危害日益严重,迫切需要反垄断法予以规制。但产生并发展于工业经济时代的反垄断法并无直接针对技术标准垄断的具体规则,导致法律适用中的严重困惑与障碍,难以适应新条件下控制技术标准垄断的要求。2007年8月我国颁布的《反垄断法》虽然规定作为知识产权垄断表现形式之一的技术标准垄断"应受"该法规制,但同样未能解决"如何"规制的问题。因此,在反垄断法的现有制度体系中构建新的控制技术标准垄断的制度规则,是解决这一问题的重要途径。该制度规则概括讲主要包括两大部分内容:一是对技术标准中的知识产权人规定特别的反垄断义务;二是对技术标准制定与实施中的垄断行为予以反垄断审查与惩处。     

中国的反贫困政策:评价与展望

近年来,随着改革开放的不断推进,中国的贫困问题已逐渐由农村贫困发展为农村贫困与城市贫困并存的局面.本文考察了中国现行的贫困标准和总体贫困状况.并对国家反贫困政策绩效进行了初步评价.在此基础上,针对现行反贫困政策存在的主要问题,提出应按照统筹城乡协调发展的理念,建立统一的城乡贫困标准、监测体系和国家反贫困政策,树立农村与城市反贫困并重的理念,统筹城乡社会保障和就业制度.