中国—东盟海洋旅游经济圈研究初探

近年来,中国—东盟地区海洋旅游业的发展十分迅猛,双方已成为彼此最为重要的旅游贸易伙伴之一。本文从中国—东盟双边旅游经济发展现状出发,对这一地区海洋旅游经济圈的发展进行了SWOT分析,并指出这一旅游经济圈的形成与发展将极大地推动中国与东盟旅游业的发展。     

Drilling down into ethics: A thematic review of ethical considerations for the creation and use of 3D printed human remains in crime reconstruction

The existing literature contains some exploration of the ethics concerning human remains in forensic and virtual anthropology. However, previous work has stopped short of interrogating the underlying ethical concepts. The question of how people understand and apply these concepts in practice, and what it means to act ethically, remain underexplored. This thematic review explores the ethical considerations that contribute to the creation and use of 3D printed human remains for forensic purposes. The three main branches of ethical theory are outlined to explore how they may apply to forensic practice. Key themes relating to 3D printing human remains in forensic contexts were explored to better understand the ethics landscape, ethical challenges, and the current guidelines in place. Through this thematic review, nine ethics principles were identified as key principles for guiding best practice: anonymity, autonomy, beneficence, consent, context, justice, non-maleficence, proportionality, and transparency. It is suggested that these principles could be incorporated into adaptable guidelines going forward to support ethical practice. The findings also suggest that holistic ethics cognition training may have value in supporting forensic scientists in ethical decision-making, together with procedural and structural design that may promote best practice and reduce cognitive load.     

When benefitting a patient increases the risk for harm for third persons — The case of treating pedophilic Parkinsonian patients with deep brain stimulation

This paper investigates the question whether it is ethically justified to treat Parkinsonian patients with known or suspected pedophilia with deep brain stimulation — given increasing evidence that this treatment might cause impulse control disorders, disinhibition, and hypersexuality. This specific question is not as exotic as it looks at a first glance. First, the same issue is raised for all other types of sexual orientation or behavior which imply a high risk for harming other persons, e.g. sexual sadism. Second, there are also several (psychotropic) drugs as well as legal and illegal leisure drugs which bear severe risks for other persons. We show that Beauchamp and Childress' biomedical ethics fails to derive a veto against medical interventions which produce risks for third persons by making the patients dangerous to others. Therefore, our case discussion reveals a blind spot of the ethics of principles. Although the first intuition might be to forbid the application of deep brain stimulation to pedophilic patients, we argue against such a simple way out, since in some patients the reduction of dopaminergic drugs allowed by deep brain stimulation of the nucleus subthalamicus improves impulsive control disorders, including hypersexuality. Therefore, we propose a strategy consisting of three steps: (1) risk assessment, (2) shared decision-making, and (3) risk management and safeguards.     

Introduction to Kirchheimer

Mainly through examining an essay by Iris Marion Young on policy and treatment for pregnant drug users, I compare the feminist ethic of care with the ethics of Michel Foucault, which, I argue, are founded upon the value of freedom. I find several contradictions in Young's work. She criticizes universalization, but does not avoid it herself; she espouses the value of freedom, yet wants the other to conform to her own values. I argue that the problem lies in Young's liberal-humanist understanding of freedom and its relation to ethics. Foucault's understanding of freedom is a sounder base for an ethics, and this provides needed support for the concept of caring. It also yields new perspectives on social problems such as drugs.     

低碳经济立法及其伦理基础

低碳经济作为＂后危机时代＂经济可持续发展的新引擎,对转变经济发展方式,推进可持续发展具有重要意义。国际国内关于引导和发展低碳经济的实践表明：低碳经济呼唤立法。发展低碳经济,立法是保障也是关键。人与自然和谐发展是人类社会发展的必然要求,体现在人与自然的关系处理上,就成为低碳经济立法的伦理基础。     

Tippins and Wittman Revisited: Law,Social Science,and the Role of the Child Custody Expert 14 Years Later

It has been 14 years since Tippins and Wittmann ( 2005 ) voiced concern for the overreaching role the expert may play in matters of family law. This article sets their levels of inference within the context of the culture of both law and social science. We examine how inferences are impacted by the relative emphasis child custody experts give to the five stakeholders involved in child custody evaluations (CCEs): courts, lawyers, parents, children, and professional governing bodies. Acculturation of the assessor to law contributes to more egregious inferences, versus the more modest ones Tippins and Wittmann advocated. How evaluators prioritize stakeholders shapes their opinion and methodology. We offer an expanded perspective that views how their levels of inference are manifest in reports, methodology, and recommendations and the influence of the culture of law and the mindset of the clinician. We hope to encourage clinicians to find ways to operationalize clinical humility, assume their proper role, and remain true to their master identity as licensed mental health professionals and their proper sphere of authority.     

Participation in Laboratory Research Result in Emotional Distress with One’s Partner: Comparing Violent and Nonviolent Couples

The present study compared impact of participating in laboratory research assessments on couples experiencing partner violence and nonviolent couples. Across two studies, 192 couples participated in a variety of potentially distressing laboratory procedures, including discussing relationship problems, viewing videotapes of their discussions, and completing questionnaires about personal and relationship problems. At the end of each laboratory session, participants rated their emotions about their partners as a result of having participated in the study procedures. Couples, recruited from the community, were placed into one of three groups: experiencing violence (V), nonviolent but maritally distressed (NVD), and nonviolent and nondistressed (NVND). Overall, study participants did not report high levels of negative feelings toward their spouses at the end of lab sessions. Few differences between V and NVD spouses were statistically significant, suggesting that violent spouses are not at greater risk than NVD spouses for negative feelings following study participation, although the finding of greater fear among V partners in one study deserves future attention. Relative to V and NVD couples, happy couples reported more positive and fewer negative feelings; NVD wives were the most likely to report negative emotions, in sessions involving a marital problem discussion. These findings can be used in discussions with Institutional Review Boards about the potential risks of laboratory procedures for violent couples recruited from the community.

论深入开展社会主义核心价值体系建设

党中央提出社会主义核心价值体系建设,既是社会主义和谐社会建设和意识形态建设的需要,也是促进马克思主义学习型政党建设和社会主义伦理道德建设的需要。社会主义核心价值体系是指在马克思主义指导下,坚持社会主义共同理想、坚持中华民族精神和时代精神、坚持社会主义荣辱观的价值体系。其中马克思主义指导思想是灵魂,中国特色社会主义共同理想是主题,民族精神和时代精神是精髓,社会主义荣辱观是基础。建设社会主义核心价值体系,要加强党的领导和管理,加强舆论宣传和思想政治工作,改进党员干部的教育培训和理论研究工作,从党组织和个人两个方面共同努力。     

论康德的普世伦理思想及其现实可能

本系统地考察与梳理了康德的普世伦理思想之主要范畴。认为，以先验理性和纯粹形式的原则建构起来的这一普世伦理体系有其天生的缺陷，即：实施原则之纯粹理性化不能保证其绝对的道德化，理性的虚拟物无法在现实中找到它的切入点，以满足现实生活对它的期望。其根源在于：以理性作为人的本质属性，忽视了人性的丰富内涵，把道德主体约化为单纯的理性主体。     

印度尼西亚“沉船”政策分析

印尼对于在印尼海域非法捕鱼的外国渔船实施沉船政策已有多年,近年来被炸沉的船舶数量越来越多。印尼沉船政策涉及渔业、渔民、渔业执法、非法捕鱼等方面,通过对这些问题的分析,可以看出印尼的沉船政策是涉及经济、社会、政治、外交等多方面的综合性政策。作为一个海洋国家,渔业是印尼的立国之本,但是,印尼的渔业发展水平并不高,渔民是最贫穷的群体之一。由于国内资金短缺,渔业管理与执法能力不足,非法和没有受到管制的捕捞活动普遍存在,在国内民族主义情绪的影响下,印尼政府通过高调实施沉船政策来显示对国家利益的维护决心。在这种背景下,虽然沉船政策遭到外界的众多批评,并且对佐科政府建设全球海洋支点战略有一定的消极影响,但是,可以预见,出于维护国家利益的考虑,佐科在总统的第二任期内,仍将继续实施沉船政策。