Reviews

Books reviewed:
Gastwirth Statistical Science in the Courtroom
Fraser The Jews of the Channel Islands and the Rule of Law, 1940–1945: 'Quite Contrary to the Principles of British Justice'
Cretney Family Law: Essays for the New Millennium
Witteveen and van der Burg Rediscovering Fuller: Essays on Implicit Law and Institutional Design
Jørgensen The Responsibility of States for International Crimes     

An Interdisciplinary Case Management Protocol for Child Resistance or Refusal Dynamics†

High‐conflict parental separation cases associated with child's estrangement or contact refusal take an unusually large amount of court time and generate high emotional costs for parents and children. This paper reports on a study of a research‐based pilot project and protocol, called the Parenting Conflict Resolution (PCR), which is intended to reduce parental conflict, improve interparental communication, and support or restore the parent–child relationship. The protocol was developed at the Superior Court in Quebec City (Canada), and involves single judge case management, and lawyers' commitment to have the child's best interests as their primary consideration and to guide their clients to trust the process. The assigned judge and lawyers have the ongoing involvement of a mandated psychotherapist, taking a family systems approach with the case. The PCR also requires the parents to participate in a psycho‐educational, introspective group program to work on co‐parenting and communication skills. Ongoing communication between the professionals involved in the PCR is required to ensure cohesion and accountability. This pilot project was implemented with 10 high‐conflict families, 6 of which presented with the child's resistance or refusal to see one parent. A qualitative data study was undertaken into the experiences of all the participants. The most salient result is the resumption of parent–child contact in all six contact refusal cases. Discussion highlights key elements to successfully address these cases: (a) interdisciplinary program delivery, (b) systemic understanding of the contact problems, (c) focus on the child's best interest, (d) single judge assigned to the case, (e) lawyers' support of the parents' participation, and (f) psychotherapist reporting to the court.     

Patterns of intraparty competition in open-list & SNTV systems

Two electoral systems that use “nontransferable preference votes” are commonly used: single nontransferable vote (SNTV) and open-list proportional representation (OLPR). Both systems promote intraparty competition by vote-seeking candidates, but differ on the extent to which the incentives of individual candidates and collective seat-maximizing parties are aligned, or not. We develop “logical models” of expected vote shares of parties' first and last winners, and test (and confirm) these models using “symmetric regression” on an original data set drawn from over 2000 party-district observations in nine countries. The analysis helps bring us closer to an understanding of the relatively neglected “intraparty dimension” of representation, and allows us to offer some modest suggestions for improving systems of nontransferable preference votes.     

The science commons in health research: structure,function, and value

The “science commons,” knowledge that is widely accessible at low or no cost, is a uniquely important input to scientific advance and cumulative technological innovation. It is primarily, although not exclusively, funded by government and nonprofit sources. Much of it is produced at academic research centers, although some academic science is proprietary and some privately funded R&D enters the science commons. Science in general aspires to Mertonian norms of openness, universality, objectivity, and critical inquiry. The science commons diverges from proprietary science primarily in being open and being very broadly available. These features make the science commons particularly valuable for advancing knowledge, for training innovators who will ultimately work in both public and private sectors, and in providing a common stock of knowledge upon which all players—both public and private—can draw readily. Open science plays two important roles that proprietary R&D cannot: it enables practical benefits even in the absence of profitable markets for goods and services, and its lays a shared foundation for subsequent private R&D. The history of genomics in the period 1992–2004, covering two periods when genomic startup firms attracted significant private R&D investment, illustrates these features of how a science commons contributes value. Commercial interest in genomics was intense during this period. Fierce competition between private sector and public sector genomics programs was highly visible. Seemingly anomalous behavior, such as private firms funding “open science,” can be explained by unusual business dynamics between established firms wanting to preserve a robust science commons to prevent startup firms from limiting established firms’ freedom to operate. Deliberate policies to create and protect a large science commons were pursued by nonprofit and government funders of genomics research, such as the Wellcome Trust and National Institutes of Health. These policies were crucial to keeping genomic data and research tools widely available at low cost.

论善意取得在不动产物权变动中的适用

传统民法规定善意取得制度只适用于动产物权变动的观点不符合现代经济发展的潮流。善意取得制度、物权行为无因性理论、物权公示公信原则、物权变动登记制度各有其优点,相互间不能够彼此替代。为了鼓励交易流转、促进经济发展,应当在不动产物权变动中规定善意取得制度。以便更好地兼顾所有人与第三人的利益。     

公安专网自由开源软件应用与资源下载站点构建

由于与因特网物理断开,公安专网成为完全独立于因特网的超大专用广域网络。自由开源软件从安全性、稳定性上讲,并不比许多商业软件差,这为其在公安网上运行提供了较强的可行性。在自由软件运动深入开展的今天,公安网上运行成熟的自由开源软件成果,将为金盾工程、公安信息化建设节约大量资金。     

二战后德国法律方法论发展综论

二战以来,德国法理学界对法律方法论的研究取得了令人瞩目的成就。在对法律方法律的研究过程中,德国法理学界经由诸多法学家的努力,不断在"法认识论"方面提出新的见解;对法律方法论的性质与功能重新进行解释,期望把法的稳定性和法的灵活性相结合,使法的形式和法的内容显示出不可缺少的沟通,以此提高法规范的可接受性。     

保密信息系统的安全措施研究

保密信息系统在文件操作、数据加密、网络传输、用户管理控制等方面,还存在许多安全问题,需要从文件操作和传输过程中的加解密控制方法、基于CPK算法的认证技术、基于角色约束的用户管理控制措施等方面进一步完善。     

改革开放必须坚持和发展马克思主义——改革开放成功的一条重要经验

总结改革开放的实践经验，有利于改革开放事业取得更伟大的胜利。三十年的历史告诉我们，改革开放必须坚持和发展马克思主义。坚持马克思主义是中国历史和中国人民的庄严选择，是改革开放的前提和保障，也是对苏联、东欧国家改革经验的汲取；发展马克思主义是由马克思主义的内在本性和我国特殊的国情决定的，是改革开放的实践要求。教条主义倾向和资产阶级自由化思潮是对待马克思主义的两种错误倾向，坚持和发展马克思主义必须反对这两种错误倾向。