准确把握推进高质量发展的重大现实意义

中国共产党第十九届五中全会把“十四五”时期经济社会发展主题确定为推进高质量发展。文章运用马克思主义哲学原理进行分析后认为,推进高质量发展是现实的战略抉择,是遵循发展规律的要求,是发展的安全保障和价值实现。研究旨在为科学认识和准确把握推进高质量发展的科学内涵、对策和重大现实意义提供思想方法和工作方法。     

浅论我国表见代理制度的立法规定及司法适用

我国<合同法>正式确立了表见代理制度,但规定得比较简单、原则.关于表见代理有许多问题存在争论,而现行<合同法>中关于表见代理制度的规定存在明显缺陷,有必要对<合同法>规定的表见代理成立条件做出某些法律适用上的限制性解释.建议进一步完善表见代理的立法规定.同时,就表见代理在司法实践中的认定以及程序操作等常见问题也存有一些值得探讨之处.以期对表见代理的理论和实践有所帮助.     

From the Wembley Conference to the ‘McDonnell Amendment’: Labour's Leadership Nomination Rules

A recent change to the Labour party's nomination rules for leadership elections was the eighth such major modification of this brief clause in the party's rule book since 1981. These changes have provided a barometer of factional conflict over this period and indicate the importance of gate‐keeping powers in leadership selection. This article recounts the history of these eight rule changes. It shows how the proportion of Labour MPs (and later MEPs) required to nominate candidates in leadership elections has oscillated markedly, as the left has tried to reduce it while centrists have sought to increase it. The most recent change in 2017, when the threshold was decreased to 10 per cent of Labour MPs and MEPs, was a victory for the left. The article argues that the changes to Labour's nomination rules, while lower‐key than the extension of voting rights from MPs to ordinary members, have been just as significant.     

行政法一般原则与行政法制度建构

行政法调整领域的庞杂使得规则不能涵盖所有的情形,同时行政法基本原则的相对宽泛性又对自由裁量权的控制无能为力。如何在行政法基本原则与规则之间建立一个中间层级的一般原则,以缓解基本原则的概括性所带来的冲突进而从容面对中国入世后的新挑战,便成为一个新的课题。     

论CEPA的原产地规则

原产地规则是区域贸易协定赖以存在的基础,内地与香港签订的CEPA也制定了相应的原产地规则.CEPA确立了完全获得标准和实质改变标准以判断有关货物是否原产于香港,该规则在遵从国际惯例的前提下,又根据香港的实际作了适当调整,从整体来看是一套较合理的原产地规则,但仍存在一些问题有待将来作进一步完善.     

共同犯罪上诉审程序探析

共同犯罪上诉审程序设计就其基础而言可参考单人犯罪案件上诉审程序规则,但也有其特殊的实体性规则和程序操作规则。首先应依有利被告人理念确立平衡刑事责任的基本规则,主要包括部分被告人上诉则全案判决不生效、上诉利益同案被告人共享、对部分被告人抗诉引起的量刑变化不应打破主从犯认定体系以及案件事实认定争议的上诉区别对待等。其次应关注其具体程序操作规则,主要包括不上诉被告人应以证人身份出庭作证、合理安排上诉人发言顺序、共同上诉人撤诉和上诉期间防止共同犯罪被告人超期羁押等。此外,共同犯罪上诉审程序未来应当随着上诉审程序正当化而调整。     

生态文明背景下侵权法一般规则的“绿色化”改造

作为落实《民法总则》绿色原则的重要领域,侵权责任法回应环境问题不能仅局限于环境侵权责任专章。侵权法一般规则未对绿色原则做出适当回应,已与环境侵权责任专章内容的不断发展形成巨大反差,致使环境侵权规则在整体上游离于侵权法体系之外。此状况不仅理论上难以自洽,而且招致了实践争议,不利于对环境权益的保护。在侵权法一般规则中贯彻绿色原则,并与环境侵权的专门规定相互呼应,既是生态文明的时代需求,也是侵权法、民法体系化的必然要求。完善民法典侵权责任编(草案)应以全面救济环境损害为目标,具化、优化侵权责任方式和责任承担,同时注重发挥法律解释的作用,通过多途径推动侵权法一般规则的绿色化,增强侵权法体系乃至民法体系的融贯性。建议修改侵权责任编(草案)的救济范围、责任方式和责任分担等规定,并在《民法总则》纳入民法典时调整相关规范,形成从民法总则、侵权法一般规则到环境侵权专门规则相互协调的环境损害民法救济体系。     

我国应实行实质商法主义的民商分立——兼论我国的商事立法模式

我国法学界对于如何处理民法与商法的关系、如何处理或建构我国商事立法模式存在着较大的争议和分歧。论文通过对四种不同形态的商事立法模式的阐释 ,对我国商事立法模式抉择的争议进行了评析 ,主张我国应实行以《商法通则》为统率的实质商法主义的民商分立。     

刑事诉讼中科学证据认证研究

在我国,科学证据的使用范围越来越广泛,而由于缺少完善的证据体系,侦查人员对科学证据的审查认定,主要限于其相关性,即审查是否具有能够证明案件事实的能力,是否真实可靠,而对于其可釆性,即是否具有证据资格的审查,则存在两方面的问题:第一,仅限于对鉴定意见形式要件的审查;第二,对其所依据的认证理由不予公开。     

Getting things straight: The effects of ballot design and electoral structure on voter participation

This paper considers the implications of the straight-party voting option (STVO) on participation in judicial elections. Voters using straight-party options (by definition) do not vote for candidates in nonpartisan elections. Consequently, ballot roll-off in these elections is more likely to occur when people are given the chance to vote the party ticket and complete the voting process quickly. This is the case because nonpartisan judicial elections are considerably less salient than statewide and federal partisan elections. This article separates out the effects of the institutional structure of the election on political participation with the effects of ballot design. We find that in nonpartisan elections, the straight-party option decreases voter participation since voters who utilize the straight-ticket option may erroneously believe that they have voted for these nonpartisan offices, or simply ignore them. However, in nonpartisan elections without straight-ticket voting, participation is increased compared to nonpartisan elections with straight-ticket voting. Additionally, both forms of nonpartisan elections have less participation than partisan elections, all of which have the straight-ticket option. Thus, voter participation is affected not only by the type of election, but the type of voting rules in the election.