恶意逃避罚金行为与对策选择

受刑人在罚金判决生效后为逃避缴纳而采取的致使强制执行无法完成的行为是恶意逃避罚金的行为。一些国家和地区的立法经验是将其与客观不能不加区别一律易科为自由刑、劳役或劳动。我国有少数学者认为可以以“拒不执行人民法院判决、裁判罪”论处，然而最合理的选择是将恶意逃避作为加重情节直接易科剥夺自由刑。     

习仲勋与党的群众路线

习仲勋从小培养了为群众办事的观念，在革命工作中自觉强化为群众的服务意识；踏踏实实地进行群众工作；坚持真理，修正错误，敢于承担责任；深入基层，调查研究，悉心维护群众利益；既坚持原则，又注重政策，有效开展群众工作。在新民主主义革命时期的革命生涯中，他始终忠实地实践党的群众路线，受到群众的衷心拥戴，并为群众树立起了党的优良作风。     

高校工会推进师德建设的几点探索

天津美术学院工会将师德建设列作了自己参与学院建设的途径之一,近几年主要集中精力做了这样几件事:一是组织教职工学习相关规范;二是编写学院师德公约与师德规范;三是增大师德的评教分值;四是对涌现出的师德楷模作大力的表彰;五是对青年教师开展师德培训;六是引导青年教师树立品牌意识;七是为青年教师出版相关论文集;八是充分发挥离退休老教师、老领导的传帮带作用.这些做法都取得了良好的建设效果。     

现代税制下的政府收益最大化:概念阐释

本文通过阐述公共产品的最优供给与政府总的净收益之间的联系来界定现代税制下的“政府收益最大化”,指出现代税制下的“政府收益最大化”是政府为了实现公共利益而优化公共产品供给的结果。“公共产品优化供给”的核心指标是纳税人提前支付了公共产品的生产成本后,在公共产品消费过程中不必二次付费。尽管这种“政府收益最大化”并非特定时空政府经济作为的描述,但是它所建立的规范性判断却可以为现代政府的财政决策提供参考或指导,从而有助于政府更好地服从于公共利益的安排。     

一起行政处罚案申请法院强制执行引发的思考

在一起行政处罚案中,当事人不履行处罚决定,卫生行政部门对其进行加处罚款,申请法院强制执行。笔者通过查阅文献和结合案件实际,探讨加处罚款的程序、申请法院强制执行和卫生部门行政强制实施的主体等相关问题,并提出相关建议。     

Academic Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Quality of Experience in Learning

This study investigated learning activities and associated quality of experience of students with different levels of perceived academic self-efficacy. Two groups were formed out of 130 Italian adolescents (age 15–19), one with high and one with low academic self-efficacy beliefs (31 and 32 participants, respectively). Students provided valuation of academic pursuits and aspirations, and were monitored for one week with experience sampling method (ESM). Attention was paid to the association of learning activities with optimal experience, characterized by high perceived environmental challenges matched by high personal skills, involvement, concentration and intrinsic reward. High self-efficacy students reported higher academic aspirations and pursuits than low self-efficacy students. They also spent more time in homework, and primarily associated learning activities with optimal experience. Results have educational implications in fostering motivation and enjoyment in learning. They also provide empirical support for the combination of self-efficacy beliefs and quality of experience in motivational research. Lecturer of Psychology at the Medical School of the University of Milan, Italy. She received her Ph.D. in 1999 from the University of Milan. She has conducted research in human development, focusing on adolescents’ quality of experience and identity building, as well as on methodological aspects of experience sampling procedures. She received her Ph.D. in 2004 from the University of Padua. Her main interests focus on the study of subjective and psychological well-being across the life span, as well as on methodological aspects of longitudinal research Her main research interests are the cross-cultural investigation of the quality of daily experience and its long-term developmental impact. She is supervisor in intervention projects on migration, disability and social maladjustment His major research interests include personality development and personality assessment along the life span. He is supervisor in longitudinal projects on psychosocial adjustment from childhood to young adulthood     

Economics of discriminatory sentencing

The legal and social professions have long been concerned with the problem of whether the fact that those incarcerated in prison tend to be drawn from the ranks of the poor unemployed and low social status is indicative of willful discrimination against the underprivileged. In this paper we apply the traditional analytical tools of economics to develop the conditions required for an efficient tradeoff between the probability of conviction and the length of prison sentence for both rich and poor. We show that the generally accepted approach of equal punishment for equal crimes tends to overdeter the rich and underdeter the poor, which results in a gross overrepresentation of the poor in the prison population. In order to eliminate this overrepresentation, the poor must receive a more severe sentence than the rich for an equivalent crime. This appears to contradict normal definitions of equity and we address this issue. We also show that an increase in the total crime budget when used efficiently must always result in longer sentences but can, under appropriate conditions, require a lower probability of apprehension.     

析单位犯罪自首

新刑法确立了单位犯罪的主体地位,对于单位犯罪理论中的自首认定和处罚问题并没有具体涉及,单位犯罪后自首认定理论界尚存分歧,这就给司法实践的具体操作带来困难,需要对单位犯罪中的自首情形进行研究,本文在此基础上明确单位犯罪自首与单位自首的理论区别,探讨单位自首后的处罚问题。     

理性上瘾、劣值品与瘾性物品的最优管制

在理性上瘾的分析框架下,已有文献探讨了政府对瘾性商品管制的必要性。但从瘾性商品具有劣值品的性质这一角度分析对其管制的文献尚付之阙如,因此本文从此一角度加以探讨。在此分析视角下,政府的管制有多种方式。若政府通过课征从量税对瘾性商品进行管制,则最优管制原则如下：当瘾性商品的存量对个人身心健康的影响较大,真实的上瘾概率与个人主观认定的上瘾概率差距较大时,瘾性商品课征的从量税应较高;当时间偏好率较大,折旧率较大,或瘾性商品的价格弹性较大时。瘾性商品课征的从量税应较低。     

试论鸦片对近代云南社会经济的影响

鸦片经济是近代云南社会经济商品化过程中的一个重要问题 ,它曾对云南地方经济产生过巨大影响。清朝道光年间 ,云南开始种植鸦片 ,且种植面广。到唐继尧和龙云统治云南时期 ,鸦片一度成为云南的重要财政支柱之一 ,无论是地方权贵还是商家行号都明里暗里争相逐利 ,从事鸦片生意 ,商业投机活动十分猖獗 ,金融危机频繁发生 ,地区经济遭到重大损失。同时种植鸦片致使云南农村经济日益衰败 ,首先是使农村产业结构单一化 ,其次是因吸食鸦片人口众多 ,致使农村劳动力人口锐减。因此 ,鸦片问题自始至终是近代云南社会经济中的一个令人关注的焦点