论“平安世博”视域下治安复杂地区长效管控机制建设

加强对治安复杂地区的管控是世博安保工作"从严从紧,以面保点"总体思路和原则的重要内容。公安机关要以世博安保工作为契机,建立与完善治安复杂地区长效管控机制,维护好社会稳定。     

虚拟社会对现实社会治安的影响及管理对策研究

虚拟社会违法犯罪案件逐年增多,对虚拟社会治安问题进行综合整治已成为公安机关面临的一项重要任务。加强虚拟社会治安管理的对策主要有:健全法律法规法;建立一支不受地域管辖限制的网上专门警察执法力量;提高网络监测技术手段;将虚拟社会治安管控纳入"三基"工程建设等。     

论交通警察执法规范与和谐警民关系的构建

交通警察能否规范、文明执法,树立警察的良好形象,对构建和谐警民关系至关重要：针对目前交通警察执法过程中存在的主要问题及其对警民关系的影响,必须以近期一系列部门规章和规范的修订与颁布为契机,促进交通警察执法规范化建设;提高执法水平,密切警民关系,促进和谐警民关系的构建：     

“阳光执法”——民主化对行政执法行为的必然要求

当今社会飞速发展,民主化趋势日趋显著。这种快速发展的势头对社会各阶层和领域都提出了严峻的挑战。行政执法作为政府和群众之间连接的前沿和纽带,必须以"阳光"的姿态,主动迎接这一挑战。故"阳光执法"是民主化对行政执法行为的必然要求。     

买卖合同的成立及其认定

合同的成立要件应当包括当事人、标的和合意,标的的数量和质量均为将标的特定化的因素,而非独立于标的的要件。《法释(2012)8号》对当事人提供送货单、收货单、结算单、发票以证明买卖合同已经成立的规定,笔者基本赞同,但主张类型化和区分签收人的身份而定;对对账确认函、债权确认书等函件、凭证的证据效力的认定,笔者表示赞同。意向书、备忘录依当事人的意思可有本约、预约和无积极的法律约束力的文件三种类型,《法释(2012)8号》仅仅注意到一种,因而合同编不应一刀切地吸收该种解释,而应视意思表示的具体情形而定。本约生效后相应的预约应该功成身退。违反预约的责任在绝大多数情况下不同于违反本约的责任,但鉴于确定违反预约的损害赔偿的数额特别难以确定,在个别场合可比照违反本约的赔偿范围确定违反预约的赔偿数额。当事人不履行预约项下的义务,在某些情况下可直接判决本约成立,在多数情况下只能判决损害赔偿。     

著作权内在利益平衡机制与反垄断法的介入——美国录音制品数字表演权制度的启示

反垄断与保护知识产权均仅是实现其共同目标的手段,其本身并非最终制度目的。就著作权法律制度而言,这体现在其应当建立完善的内在利益平衡机制,从"护权——限权"两个角度对著作权既加以保护、又防止其滥用。在这方面,美国的DPRSR制度堪称典范,我国与之对应的信息网络传播权制度却有待完善。著作权内在利益平衡机制一旦失灵,根据其失灵的情形,可能产生不同的损害。其中对于可能产生竞争损害的,在必要条件下,反垄执法机构应当及时介入,保护市场竞争和消费者利益不受著作权滥用行为的损害,保障反垄断和保护知识产权共同目标的实现。     

‘The Sky is Falling!’ – Responses to the ‘Going Dark’ problem

The shared concern expressed in the two quotes below is that modern technologies provide criminals with a capability to evade investigation. This comment piece examines some of the policy and legal options available to governments and law enforcement agencies to try to address this concern. While accepting the claim that this phenomenon represents a real challenge to law enforcement agencies, we currently have insufficient evidence to show the true extent of the problem. What this piece does not accept is the implication contained in the quotes, and often made explicit by others, that the use of encryption represents a fundamental and irreversible shift in the balance of power between criminals and their investigators from what previously prevailed. Such claims tend to lack historical perspective, which is one of the themes of this 200th issue of Computer Law and Security Review.     

Law enforcement access to personal data originally collected by private parties: Missing data subjects' safeguards in directive 2016/680?

Access by law enforcement authorities to personal data initially collected by private parties for commercial or operational purposes is very common, as shown by the transparency reports of new technology companies on law enforcement requests. From a data protection perspective, the scenario of law enforcement access is not necessarily well taken into account. The adoption of the new data protection framework offers the opportunity to assess whether the new ‘police’ Directive, which regulates the processing of personal data for law enforcement purposes, offers sufficient safeguards to individuals. To make this assessment, provisions contained in Directive 2016/680 are tested against the standards established by the ECJ in Digital Rights Ireland and Tele2 Sverige on the retention of data and their further access and use by police authorities. The analysis reveals that Directive 2016/680 does not contain the safeguards identified in the case law. The paper further assesses the role and efficiency of the principle of purpose limitation as a safeguard against repurposing in a law enforcement context. Last, solutions to overcome the shortcomings of Directive 2016/680 are examined in conclusion.     

THE KOLMAR V. SUTEX CASE ON RECIPROCITY IN FOREIGN JUDGMENTS ENFORCEMENT IN CHINA: A WELCOME DEVELOPMENT OR STILL ON THE WRONG TRACK?

In December 2016, the Nanjing Intermediate People’s Court in China issued its ruling in the Kolmar v. Sutex case, where a monetary judgment from Singapore was recognized and enforced against a local textile company. The case confirms that once a foreign country has taken the initiative, Chinese courts will follow up to enforce judgments from that country reciprocally. This is the doctrine of de facto reciprocity adopted by some Chinese courts. The paper surveys the judicial practice of Chinese courts and finds that this area of law is full of confusion and uncertainties due to the lack of applicable rules. Recent developments suggest that China may move away from this approach and adopt a relaxed version of reciprocity, which is worthy of close attention.     

建设我国高素质行政执法队伍的宏观构想

行政执法队伍是党的执政队伍的重要组成部分,是推进党的事业发展的坚强基石。坚持和发展中国特色社会主义,关键在于建设一支政治坚定、能力过硬、作风优良、奋发有为的执政骨干队伍。本文从社会主义法治理念的角度分析了我国行政执法过程中存在的主要问题,提出了建设我国高素质行政执法队伍的总体思路和宏观构想。