A Simple Method of VNTR D1S80 Locus Allelic Ladder Construction for Capillary Electrophoresis‐based Genotyping

VNTR D1S80 locus genotyping has been largely replaced in forensics by STR. As the statute of limitations on murder cases was abolished in the Republic of Korea in July 2015, the demand for re‐analysis of DNA from unresolved murder cases has increased. The National Forensic Service includes several recorded D1S80 genotypes as crucial clues. Here, we re‐established the D1S80 analysis system using capillary electrophoresis and confirmed the reproducibility of the system by comparison with the genotypes of eight DNA samples that had been analyzed using PAGE in 2006. In addition, we created an allelic ladder via new methodology using flanking region sequences. A single DNA sample (K562) and seven primers were used for the new ladder, which contains 12 alleles. Although artificial owing to the use of the flanking region rather than repeat unit reduction, the method is rapid and simple, and could be applicable in any laboratory.     

大鼠脊髓损伤后HIF—1α基因的表达

目的观察大鼠脊髓损伤后低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF—1α）的表达规律，探讨其在脊髓损伤发生发展过程中的作用及法医学应用。方法建立大鼠静压脊髓损伤模型，采用RT—PCR和免疫组化SP法对伤后不同时间（0、3、6、12h和1、3、5、7、11、14d）HIF-1α和HIF-1α mRNA的表达进行检测，BI2000图像分析系统分析结果。结果正常及假手术对照组大鼠脊髓组织内有低水平的HIF-1α mRNA表达，但几乎检测不到HIF-1α阳性细胞；脊髓损伤后，HIF-1α及HIF-1α mRNA表达开始升高，其中HIF-1α mRNA表达在伤后3h开始增加，3d达高峰，14d时恢复正常；HIF—1α表达在伤后3h开始增加，1d达高峰，较HIF—1α mRNA的达峰时间（伤后3d）提前。HIF-1α免疫阳性产物可见于脊髓神经元、胶质细胞、室管膜细胞及间质内的血管内皮细胞。结论脊髓损伤后HIF-1α基因表达开始升高，对组织和细胞起低氧保护作用，其表达的时序性规律可望用于法医学损伤时间推断。     

HLA-DRB1位点的PCR-SSP分型在亲子鉴定中的应用研究

应用PCR－SSP（PCRamplificationwithsequencespecificprimer）方法将HLAⅡ类DRB1位点基因分型应用于亲权鉴定。对42例亲子鉴定案例进行分析研究的结果表明,本方法简单、快速、结果可靠,且具有较高的非父排除概率（66．3％）,不仅适用于法医学亲手鉴定和个人识别,亦可应用于移植配型、HLA相关疾病及人类遗传学研究。     

瓜蒌薤白对高脂血症小鼠肝脏三酰甘油合成及SIRT1/AMPK通路的影响

目的 观察瓜蒌薤白对高脂血症小鼠肝脏三酰甘油（triglyceride,TG）合成及沉默信息调节因子1（silent information regulator 1,SIRT1）/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK）通路的影响。方法 将40只高脂饲料喂养20周的载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠随机分为模型组,瓜蒌薤白低、中、高剂量组,阿托伐他汀组,每组8只;另设8只具有相同遗传背景的C57BL/6J小鼠作为空白组。酶法检测血清TG、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）水平;ELISA及qRT-PCR法检测肝脏脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthase,FAS）和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACC）含量及mRNA表达水平;Western blot及qRT-PCR法检测肝脏胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白1（sterol regulatory element -binding protein-1,SREBP-1）、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白（carbohydrate response element-binding protein,ChREBP）、SIRT1、AMPK蛋白及mRNA表达水平。结果 瓜蒌薤白降低血清TG、TC及LDL-C水平,升高血清HDL-C水平,降低肝脏TG合成酶FAS和ACC含量及mRNA表达水平,下调肝脏TG合成蛋白SREBP-1、ChREBP表达水平,显著上调SIRT1表达水平,下调AMPK表达水平。结论 瓜蒌薤白调节高脂血症小鼠血脂水平的机制可能与其激活SIRT1/AMPK通路,抑制肝脏TG合成相关蛋白及合成酶表达,抑制TG内源性合成有关。     

芪红通络颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用及其机制研究

目的 观察芪红通络颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法 将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,尼莫地平组,芪红通络颗粒高、中、低剂量(10.8、5.4、2.7 g/kg)组,采用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型.各组大鼠术前连续3d、术后连续2d灌胃给药,每日1次.术后72 h采用Longa法进行神经功能缺损评分,TTC染色法测定脑梗死体积,HE染色观察脑组织病理学改变,比色法测定脑组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathion peroxidase,GSH-Px)活力,Western blot法测定脑组织核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2,Nrf2)和血红素氧合酶-1(heme oxygenase 1,HO-1)蛋白表达水平.结果 与模型组比较,芪红通络颗粒高、中、低剂量组脑梗死体积显著缩小(P<0.05);高、中剂量组神经行为学障碍症状明显减轻(P<0.05),脑组织病理改变明显减轻;高、中、低剂量组脑组织中MDA含量明显降低,SOD和GSH-Px活力明显增加(P<0.05);高、中剂量组脑组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05).结论 芪红通络颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有较好的保护作用,其机制可能与其激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,抑制氧化应激反应,从而产生抗氧化作用有关.     

舒心汤治疗舒张性心力衰竭30例临床研究

目的 观察舒心汤治疗舒张性心力衰竭（diastolicheartfailure,DHF）患者的临床疗效,探究其作用机制。方法 将60例DHF患者随机分为对照组（30例）和治疗组（30例）,对照组接受常规西药治疗,治疗组在常规西药治疗的基础上加用舒心汤治疗,疗程2周。观察并比较两组心功能疗效;治疗前后分别测定两组患者超声心动图E/A比值,以及血清脑钠肽（brainnatriureticpeptide,BNP）、一氧化氮（nitricoxide,NO）、内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）水平。结果 两组心功能疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组治疗后E/A比值和血清NO水平均较治疗前显著升高（P＜0.01）,血清BNP和ET-1水平均显著降低（P＜0.01）,治疗组在升高E/A比值和血清NO水平方面显著优于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论 舒心汤联合常规西药可以改善DHF患者的心功能,在升高超声心动图E/A比值和血清NO水平方面较常规西药具有明显优势。     

固本抑癌方对Lewis肺癌kiss-1、nm23基因表达的影响

目的 研究中药固本抑癌方对荷Lewis肺癌的C57小鼠瘤组织kiss-1、nm23基因表达的影响.方法 以荷Lewis肺癌的近交系C57小鼠为模型,分为生理盐水组,固本抑癌方低、中、高剂量组,阿霉素组,阿霉素+固本抑癌方组,测定并比较各组肿瘤细胞kiss-1、nm23基因的表达水平.结果 与生理盐水组比较,阿霉素+...     

黄连生物碱对HEK293-OATP1B3细胞转运黄芩黄酮活性的影响

目的 探究黄连生物碱对HEK293-OATP1B3介导的黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷转运的影响。方法 采用稳定转染OATP1B3的HEK293细胞,以黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷为底物,小檗碱、药根碱、黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀作为抑制剂,进行药物转运实验,并进行含量测定。结果 抑制剂组的黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷摄取量均低于对照组。结论 黄连生物碱可抑制OATP1B3对黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的转运。     

艾灸督脉组穴对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力和RAGE、LRP-1表达的影响

目的观察艾灸督脉组穴对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞(brain microvascular endothelial cells,BMECs)晚期糖基化终产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation end products,RAGE)和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白-1(LDL-receptor related protein-1,LRP-1)表达的影响,探讨艾灸督脉组穴治疗VD的作用机制。方法采用Morris水迷宫筛选后,将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、艾灸组,每组12只。采用颈总动脉结扎反复缺血再灌注法复制模型,艾灸组取“百会”“大椎”“风府”温和灸30 min,每日1次,7次为1个疗程,共治疗4个疗程。采用Morris水迷宫法对大鼠进行行为学检测,采用免疫组织化学法检测皮质和海马组织中RAGE和LRP-1表达水平,并分析行为学检测结果与RAGE和LRP-1之间的相关性。结果各时间点模型组逃避潜伏期均较正常组明显延长(P<0.05),艾灸组逃避潜伏期均较模型组明显缩短(P<0.05);模型组大鼠穿越平台次数明显少于正常组(P<0.05),艾灸组大鼠穿越平台次数明显多于模型组(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠海马和皮质中RAGE表达增多,LRP-1表达减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,艾灸组大鼠海马和皮质中RAGE表达减少、LRP-1表达增多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大鼠穿越平台次数与海马和皮质内RAGE存在显著负相关关系,与海马和皮质内LRP-1存在显著正相关关系。结论艾灸督脉组穴可明显改善VD大鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与下调大鼠BMECs的RAGE表达和上调LRP-1表达有关。     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.