The Truths/Fictions/Traumas of Marikana: Exploring Violence and Trauma in Three Films,The Marikana Massacre: Through The Lens (2013), Miners Shot Down (2014), and Night is Coming: A Threnody for the Victims of Marikana (2014)

ABSTRACT

By exploring three films that centre on the Marikana strikes and killings of 2012, I seek to examine both the representations of violence as trauma, and the trauma of representing violence, within the context of visual, cinematic texts. I position Marikana, and the trauma of Marikana, as both a highly significant moment, and also as representative of deeper social and political traumas and injustices. I ask whether and how these films create a narrative context for this pivotal moment in South African history. I also question the effects of cinematic style and genre in the depictions of trauma and violence. The institutional context in which each film originated and developed is important, and I argue that the audience's expectations of the genre of documentary film also play a significant role in the way in which the films process trauma. I situate my paper in conversation with previous articles by Lucy Graham and Helene Strauss among others, that deal with cinematic portrayals of Marikana. By examining the selected films alongside each other, and through the lens of Decolonial Trauma Studies, I hope to elucidate the ways in which these South African films deal with and work through trauma.     

Treating high-risk rapists in a New Zealand intensive prison programme

The focus of this article is on the pilot development and implementation of a prison-based intensive treatment programme for high-risk adult-victim rape offenders in New Zealand. Advances in actuarial risk assessment enabled the identification of a group of high-risk adult sex offenders for whom no dedicated treatment programme existed. Based on a review of the treatment literature for rapists, a pilot programme was developed called the Adult Sex Offender Treatment Programme (ASOTP). The programme, based on the risk–need–responsivity and cognitive behavioural therapy principles, also used an adaptation of Young's schema therapy to address personality responsivity issues and specific idiosyncratic schema associated with participant offence pathways identified by the Massachusetts Treatment Centre classification (Version 3 for rapists). Measures of responsivity and dynamic risk administered in the ASOTP indicated some success in addressing treatment needs for the pilot participants (n=10). The programme has subsequently been expanded across prison specialist treatment unit sites and delivered to a further 52 participants. Although intermediate measures continue to indicate change in dynamic risk, recidivism outcome evaluations have not yet been possible, due to low numbers of paroled participants.     

论权衡方法在行政法适用中的展开

行政法裁判过程具有鲜明的利益权衡本质。在个案中如何作正当、有效的权衡,需要发展出一套适用于行政法裁判过程的方法,其具有自洽的命题体系与理论基础。以行政审判中对"滥用职权"的权衡与判断为例,可以深入认识和了解行政法权衡方法具体运用的步骤、顺序与思考的要素,从而有效地实现行政法审判结论的精准与妥当。同时要通过理论思考反思权衡方法本身的局限与问题。     

“The big sleep: Elucidating the sequence of events in the first hours of death to determine the postmortem interval”

Recent developments on postmortem interval estimation (PMI) take an advantage of the autolysis process, pointing out to the analysis of the expression of apoptosis and autophagy genes towards this purpose. Oxidative stress plays a role in this signaling as a regulatory mechanism and/or as a consequence of cell death. Additionally, melatonin has been implicated on apoptosis and autophagy signaling, making melatonin a suitable target for PMI determination. The aim of this study was to investigate the early PMI through the analysis of the expression of autophagy genes as well as oxidative stress and melatonin receptor. Our results demonstrated a rapidly increased on the expression of autophagy genes according to the expected sequence of events, then a marked decrease in this expression, matched with the switch to the apoptosis signaling. These results revealed potential candidates to analyze the PMI in the first hours of death, helping to estimate the time-since-death.     

Creating markets in no-trust environments: The law and economics of smart contracts

Smart contracts, self-executing agreements based on blockchain technology, have the capacity to create trust in what we term no-trust contracting environments. We argue that using them in such environments is the path to unleash the full potential of smart contracts. Compared to the contract enforcement mechanisms characterized by traditional contract law or relational contracts, smart contracts can offer a superior solution for facilitating trade.Several lawyers and economists have debated whether smart contracts might offer the prospect of cheaper, faster and better transactions. As we discuss below, contract law scholars caution that they neither replicate the relational context essential for the day-to-day practice of contracting nor offer a superior solution to problems addressed by traditional contract law, such as contract validity and legality. We clarify and systematize the current thinking on the legal nature and reliability of smart contracts, and address the concerns of contract law scholars. While doing that, we suggest a step forward in characterizing contracting environments, contract enforcement mechanisms and the trust relationship underlying contracts.     

基于数据仓库的决策支持系统

数据仓库技术是在充分地开发信息资源的迫切要求下产生并迅速发展起来的一个国际前沿研究新领域。本文分析了传统决策支持系统开发中存在的问题,介绍了数据仓库、数据挖掘、联机分析处理技术。以及它们在决策支持系统中的应用,同时给出了基于数据仓库技术的决策支持系统的基本框架。     

死亡大鼠组织中总RNA提取的质量控制及方法评价

目的探讨不同商品化试剂盒在提取组织总RNA过程中的优劣与适用范围,为实验室的质量控制提供依据。方法采用以膜提取技术为基础（SV total RNA isolation system）和以异硫氰酸胍/苯酚法为原理（TRIzol总RNA提取试剂盒）的两种试剂盒对死亡大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑组织进行总RNA的提取与评价鉴定,并使用琼脂糖变性凝胶电泳和2100芯片生物分析仪对提取的总RNA进行完整性鉴定和质量控制评价。结果两种商品化试剂盒提取的总RNA纯度与得率均可满足实验要求。各组织脏器中总RNA得率依次为脾脏＆gt;肝脏＆gt;肾脏＆gt;大脑＆gt;肺脏＆gt;心脏。结论与TRIzol总RNA提取试剂盒相比,SV Total RNA Isolation System提取时对操作人员熟练度要求较低,2100芯片生物分析仪有望替代凝胶电泳技术用于总RNA提取时的质量控制。     

论以毛泽东为核心的党的第一代领导集体对中国特色社会主义的历史贡献

中国共产党在领导中国人民88年的历史征途中,实现了革命、建设和改革三次深刻的社会变革,以毛泽东为核心的党的第一代领导集体起到了开拓性、奠基性的伟大作用。其领导中国革命的胜利以及社会主义建设取得的巨大成就,为中国特色社会主义的进一步发展奠定了根本的政治前提和制度基础;其对社会主义建设规律艰辛探索的积极成果,为中国特色社会主义提供了宝贵的精神财富和重要的历史借鉴;其创立的具有中国特点的基本理论和基本方法,为中国特色社会主义奠定了科学的理论基石和政策基础。     

论有中国特色社会主义文化的现阶段特征

现阶段的有中国特色社会主义文化有四个基本特征现阶段特色文化的社会主义性质以及文化建设思想的日益成熟,使其具有高度的自觉性;随着市场经济体制的逐步确立,中国社会进入转型期,现阶段特色文化由此具有明显的过渡性;社会主义初级阶段的不平衡性决定了特色文化具有很强的不平衡性;文化的继承性发展规律以及我国深厚的文化传统使现阶段特色文化表现出复杂的传统性.     

美国铁路业劳动仲裁制度的源起

19世纪后半叶,作为预防和处理罢工等集体争议的重要机制,仲裁首先被应用于美国的铁路行业。后经多次立法和司法实践的变迁,至1926年《铁路劳工法》,美国铁路业逐渐形成了自愿仲裁、常设仲裁委员会、由争议双方选任仲裁员、灵活的仲裁员数量、以仲裁制度处理权利争议和利益争议、仲裁终局等成熟的仲裁规则,奠定了当前美国各行业劳动仲裁制度的基础。在长期、连续和复杂的劳动关系中,相对于调解、调停、诉讼等争议处理方式,仲裁具有专业性、广泛性、权威性和修复性等特点和优势。从源头处研究美国仲裁制度确立的背景、规则和经验,对于当前中国劳动仲裁制度的完善和集体争议的处理具有借鉴意义。