加强基层公安材料工作之我见

当前县级公安机关普遍存在的整体书写水平不高、材料意识不强、文秘工作滞后的状况 ,与公安面临的形势、任务、要求极不相称 ,与新时期人民警察素质要求相差甚远。必须加强基层公安材料工作 :思想上高度重视 ,确定材料工作的“向导”地位 ;认真搞好材料基本功的培训 ,练好选题功、调研功、写作功、综合功、开发功 ;不断增强政治敏锐性和工作责任心 ,关注国内外斗争形势 ,勤于思考 ,跟踪报道 ,迎难而上 ;把握好材料的质量、效用 ,求新、求精、求实、求快 ;正确处理材料与工作的关系 ,努力工作 ,认真总结 ,通过材料争取地位和作用。     

电子合同中数据电文的形式要求探析

各国相关立法和国际立法均对电子合同中的数据电文做了特殊的形式要求。这种特殊形式要求主要是"功能等同原则",即数据电文满足一定条件即可实现纸质记录的功能,而不是简单地数据电文等同于纸面记录。文章对相关立法对电子合同中数据电文的形式要求进行了比较分析。     

Y chromosome microsatellite genetic variation in two Native American populations from Argentina: Population stratification and mutation data

Two Native American populations from North and northwest regions of Argentina (Toba and Colla) were analyzed for 17 Y chromosome short tandem repeat loci (Y-STRs), namely, DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and GATA H4.1. Over 357 allele transfers, two one-step mutations could be detected at DYS456 and GATA H4.1 loci. A new 16.1 ‘micro-variant’ allele was observed for DYS385, characterized by an insertion at the fifth GAAA repeat. We also observed two alleles at the DYS448 locus in three samples (two from Toba and one from Colla). A total of 34 and 16 different haplotypes were detected for Toba and Colla, respectively, the former with a haplotype diversity value of 0.9769 ± 0.01, whereas 0.9497 ± 0.02 for the latter. Significant population differences were observed between Colla and Toba, at least in part, due to a more prevalent European input in the Colla. In agreement with this observation is the fact that the genetic distances between Colla and Iberian populations are lower than those observed between Iberian and any other Native American population. The results of multiscaling dimensional analysis and genetic distances (Rst) among Native American population samples also reflect this fact. The data show the existence of clear population stratification in the Argentina, a fact that should be taken into account in forensic casework.     

学科导航建设的分析研究

学科导航建设是高校数字化图书馆建设的中心部分,本文探析了学科导航库建设的必要性及目前学科导航库存在的问题,提出了建设学科导航的建议：应加强信息交流与合作,建立综合多种检索方式的资源平台,以信息检索的五个基本要素来规范学科导航库。     

图书馆计算机信息管理探析

图书馆作为一种信息资源的集散地,有很多信息数据需要处理.这些数据采用手工操作,工作量大,出错率高.若利用计算机进行管理,不仅能提高信息处理的速度,而且会大大提高其准确性和安全性.本文从图书管理系统应用需求分析、系统数据库设计和系统应用程序设计三个方面,探讨如何利用计算机进行图书馆信息管理.     

窃取、收买、非法提供信用卡信息资料罪刍议

针对日益猖獗的信用卡犯罪,我国《刑法》增设了窃取、收买、非法提供信用卡信息资料罪。本罪是指违反信用卡管理规定,窃取、收买或者非法提供他人信用卡信息资料的行为;本罪与同一条文规定的妨害信用卡管理罪是两个不同的罪名;本罪所指的信用卡包括借记卡;本罪侵犯的客体是持卡人的合法利益和金融机构的信誉,其犯罪对象为信用卡信息资料;正确认定本罪必须明确其与妨害信用卡管理罪、伪造金融票证罪和信用卡诈骗罪的界限。     

Accountability for the use of algorithms in a big data environment

ABSTRACT

Accountability is the ability to provide good reasons in order to explain and to justify actions, decisions and policies for a (hypothetical) forum of persons or organisations. Since decision-makers, both in the private and in the public sphere, increasingly rely on algorithms operating on Big Data for their decision-making, special mechanisms of accountability concerning the making and deployment of algorithms in that setting become gradually more urgent. In the upcoming General Data Protection Regulation, the importance of accountability and closely related concepts, such as transparency, as guiding protection principles, is emphasised. Yet, the accountability mechanisms inherent in the regulation cannot be appropriately applied to algorithms operating on Big Data and their societal impact. First, algorithms are complex. Second, algorithms often operate on a random group level, which may pose additional difficulties when interpreting and articulating the risks of algorithmic decision-making processes. In light of the possible significance of the impact on human beings, the complexities and the broader scope of algorithms in a big data setting call for accountability mechanisms that transcend the mechanisms that are now inherent in the regulation.     

Comparing the Scoring of Human Decomposition from Digital Images to Scoring Using On‐site Observations

When in forensic casework or empirical research in‐person assessment of human decomposition is not possible, the sensible substitution is color photographic images. To date, no research has confirmed the utility of color photographic images as a proxy for in situ observation of the level of decomposition. Sixteen observers scored photographs of 13 human cadavers in varying decomposition stages (PMI 2–186 days) using the Total Body Score system (total n = 929 observations). The on‐site TBS was compared with recorded observations from digital color images using a paired samples t‐test. The average difference between on‐site and photographic observations was ?0.20 (t = ?1.679, df = 928, p = 0.094). Individually, only two observers, both students with <1 year of experience, demonstrated TBS statistically significantly different than the on‐site value, suggesting that with experience, observations of human decomposition based on digital images can be substituted for assessments based on observation of the corpse in situ , when necessary.     

电子数据司法鉴定工具可靠性评估研究

探讨建立对电子数据司法鉴定工具进行科学性及可靠性的评估方法。在已有的国内外取证工具评测方法的基础上,借鉴国家强制认证认可和可靠性工程等因素,对电子数据司法鉴定工具可靠性评估体系中的工具基本认可和定性评估二阶段进行详细分析,为保证司法鉴定实践的科学性和准确性提供理论依据。     

《复印报刊资料·社会工作》创刊周年述评

本文依据内容分析法,对2009年创刊的《复印报刊资料•社会工作》收录论文数据进行了统计分析和评述,肯定了它的办刊宗旨和学术影响力,及其在社会工作理论和实务研究领域所发挥的重要作用,并就刊物的进一步提升提出了若干建议。