15个STR基因座的突变观察和分析

目的调查15个STR基因座的突变情况。方法采集817例亲子鉴定的2722份血样本,采用Identi—filerTM系统扩增15个STR基因座分型,共有33060次等位基因传递,统计各基因座发生突变的频率。结果在15个基因座中发现涉及11个基因座共25次突变,平均突变率为0．8×101（95％C10．5—1．1×10-3）,其中一步突变20次,两步突变3次,三步突变2次;父、母来源突变比率为2．6：1,不能确定来源突变7次。结论STR基因座等位基因在IdentifilerTM复合扩增系统突变现象较为常见,亲子鉴定时应引起注意。     

The politics of ‘wrongful life’ itself: discursive (mal)practices and Tay-Sachs disease

Abstract

This article examines eight wrongful life/wrongful birth suits filed by parents of children born with Tay-Sachs disease. Their legal claims are analysed in terms of the biopolitics of genetic risk that has emerged in recent decades with a view to arguing that, as health and disease are increasingly understood within a genetics framework, the individual is becoming responsibilized to be proactive and undergo genetic testing. At the same time, this responsibilization is being defined as a kind of entitlement rooted in historically specific ideas about personhood and quality of life. The only option for reconciling this contradiction has been simply to define responsibilization as the individual's right, thereby calling into question the notion of agency in genetic decision-making and revealing that choice in this context is in fact becoming the unfreedom to choose.     

试析实案心测技术与实验心理学原理

心理测试是一项现代刑侦工作中应用较广泛的辅助侦查技术,其实测操作严格遵循实验心理学理论和原则,有很强的科学性。文章以中国心理测试技术（武氏测试法）的实测模式为例,详细解读其实验心理学的科学性因素。     

Social Class is Dead. Long Live Social Class! Stereotype Threat among Low Socioeconomic Status Individuals

Stereotype threat effects occur when members of a stigmatized group perform poorly on a task because they fear confirming a negative stereotype that is associated with their ingroup. The present study investigates whether the observed achievement gap in standardized testing between high- and low-socioeconomic status (SES) American students can be due, in part, to this phenomenon. Participants were placed in one of four conditions that varied in level of “threat” related to socioeconomic status. Results show that when socioeconomic identity is made salient before taking a test, or when the test is presented as diagnostic of intelligence, low-SES students perform significantly worse, and report much lower self-confidence, than low-SES participants in the non-threatening conditions. When threatening conditions converge, performance of low-SES students is at its worst level. These results help us better understand the role stereotyping plays in the academic performance of low-SES students, and may partly explain the disparity on standardized test scores between low- and high-SES students.

X-chromosome STR typing in deficiency paternity cases

It is presented a deficiency paternity casework where the ChrX-STRs were crucial to solve the case. Twenty-two autossomal STRs studied in biological samples from a child, his mother and alleged paternal grandmother and grandfather revealed insufficient information to provide a clear conclusion. Fifteen additional ChrX-STRs confirmed the exclusion of the putative father.     

法庭毒物检验方法评价体系的建立

本文通过综合分析评价体系的理论与实际应用，借鉴相关领域的研究成果，研究并提出法庭毒物检验方法评价体系的基本框架，建立针对涉案毒物检验方法进行评价的目标、原则、指标、方法和程序等体系构成要素。     

Resolving relationship tests that show ambiguous STR results using autosomal SNPs as supplementary markers

When using a standard battery of STRs for relationship testing a small proportion of analyses can give ambiguous results – where the claimed relationship cannot be confirmed by a high enough paternity index or excluded with fully incompatible genotypes. The majority of such cases arise from unknowingly testing a brother of the true father and observing only a small number of exclusions that can each be interpreted as one- or two-step mutations. Although adding extra STRs might resolve a proportion of cases, there are few properly validated extra STRs available, while the commonly added hypervariable SE33 locus is four times more mutable than average, increasing the risk of ambiguous results. We have found SNPs in large multiplexes are much more informative for both low initial probabilities or ambiguous exclusions and at the same time provide a more reliable genotyping approach for the highly degraded DNA encountered in many identification cases. Eight relationship cases are outlined where the addition of SNP data resolved analyses that had remained ambiguous even with extended STR typing. In addition we have made simulations to ascertain the frequency of failing to obtain exclusions or conclusive probabilities of paternity with different marker sets when a brother of the true father is tested. Results indicate that SNPs are statistically more efficient than STRs in resolving cases that distinguish first-degree relatives in deficient pedigrees.     

中国犯罪心理学测试技术应用理论

犯罪心理测试技术绝不是曾被人错误传播的和百姓日常俗称的“测谎”，“测谎”是被人错译、错传、错用的非科学概念。此技术的基本原理——检测人有无经历过特殊事件的心理痕迹；技术评判原理是：主试使用口头语言唤起被测人认知活动时的心理生物反应图谱的变化；实案测试时，人可以选择沉默不答或者随意简单回答方式。此项技术中划分为六个阶段技术，其中第一个阶段犯罪心理动态分析最重要。此项技术有八个方面的作用和四个方面的局限性；实案测试中专业人员素质最重要；基础理论绝不能再传播错误和陈旧的“测口供说谎的理论”，实践部门切莫盲目购置未经不同类型实案检验的测试仪器。     

警察职业人格特征的验证性因素分析

以心理测量的方法,探讨与工作特性相匹配的人格特征,是研究警察职业人格特征的一种有益尝试。通过自编警察职业人格特征测验,以不同经历的警察为被试,然后对测验结果进行验证性因素分析,得到了警察职业人格特征结构的二阶五维度模型。警察职业人格特征可以从五个维度描述,即责任感、独立敢为、人际开放、理智性和机警性。