21个非CODIS STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的 调查华东汉族人群21个非CODIS STR基因座的遗传多态性并评价其法医学应用价值.方法 用AGCU 21+1 STR试剂盒,对华东地区汉族225个无关个体的21个非CODIS STR基因座进行扩增,用3130遗传分析仪检测扩增产物,GeneMapper ID v3.2软件进行分型,采用PowerStats v1...     

Detection of genotype recycling fraud in U.S. immigrants

Abstract: Relationship testing laboratories provide genetic evidence to support or refute claims of kinship between U.S. citizen petitioners and potential immigrant beneficiaries. One female beneficiary presented a male amelogenin type and alleles at 15 autosomal loci that were identical to an alleged brother’s. Laboratory records showed that her alleged father had petitioned to have 15 children emigrate from Ghana. The petitioner’s 15 paternity indices exceeded 10⁵, but the children shared only four short tandem repeat (STR) profiles, suggesting fraudulent reuse of genotypes in this alleged pedigree (AP). To determine the extent of this “genotype recycling,” I examined the laboratory’s 555 APs from Ghana and 532 control APs from Nigeria. Seventeen Ghanaian APs (3.1%) but no Nigerian APs showed genotype recycling. Of 90 tested people in the 17 APs, 56 shared identical STR profiles with others in their AP. Of these 56 people, 10 were petitioners with unexpectedly high parentage indices. Seven of 56 had amelogenin types that disagreed with their declared genders. Database searches for identical multilocus genotypes in allegedly different people would best detect this fraud.     

P300心理测试程序应用

P300有波形恒定和潜伏期恒定两个特性,可以通过叠加将P300从EEG中提取出来。P300心理测试利用认知过程中的P300指标的变化探测高级认知活动中的神经电变化,成为一个＂窥视＂心理活动的＂窗口＂,是对传统心理测试技术的重要补充。在测试实践中要遵循心理测试基本规律,严格按照科学程序进行操作,对测试刺激要精心准备,测试前要进行测试指导,软硬件操作要规范,测试结果分析要科学客观。     

法医精神病学能力验证相关问题探讨

能力验证是利用实验室间比对,按照预先制定的准则评价参加者的能力,是世界各国用以评价和保障实验室/机构能力所采用的重要手段.在我国司法鉴定领域,能力验证已逐渐成为执业管理、监督管理的重要手段.根据管理部门的要求,司法鉴定机构应通过参加能力验证活动证明其具有相应的技术能力,并作为内部质量控制、发现问题和持续改进的重要途径.作为公认的主观性较强、风险较高的司法鉴定行业,在法医精神病专业开展能力验证活动更具必要性与迫切性.近几年的运作尝试也表明,在本专业开展能力验证活动是可行的,评价结果亦是行业技术水平的真实反映.但在项目设计与运作上还有完善空间,如样本与物品制备可真实、完备些,可争取更大的技术指导与示范引导作用,应合理控制考核难度,并增强专家公议结果的可靠程度、可接受性,且运作方式应更灵活、多样.参加机构应提高对能力验证的认识,加强业务培训,科学对待;作业时严格遵守作业要求,通读懂材料,寻找关键点,并注重要点与逻辑性,反馈结论要尽量明确、唯一,争取较满意评价结果.     

国产试剂盒Goldeneye~(TM)20A在亲权鉴定中的应用评估

目的评估GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒在亲权鉴定中的应用价值。方法应用GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒对289宗亲权鉴定案例中的FTA卡血样本基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,扩增产物用ABI 3130xl遗传分析仪进行毛细管电泳,GeneMapper v3.2和GeneMarker HID软件进行基因分型及统计学分析,并与IdentifilerTM、SinofilerTM、PowerPlex16 3种试剂盒进行比较。结果采用GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒,累积非父排除概率(CPE)为0.999 999 996,累积个人识别能力(CPD)达0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 932 44,与目前常用的3种试剂盒相比较,GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒在不排除的案例中具有更高的CPI值;在排除的案例中具有更多的排除指标。结论国产GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒在亲权鉴定中有较高的应用价值。     

多种判定方法在半同胞姐妹关系鉴定中的综合应用

目的探讨综合运用三种不同方法进行半同胞姐妹关系的鉴定。方法对案例中的甲、甲母、乙和乙母分别使用Power Plex21试剂盒、AGCU Expressmarker 21+1试剂盒、Microreader 23sp-B试剂盒和AGCU X-19 STR试剂盒进行STR分型,根据STR分型结果分别利用ITO方法、判别函数法和IBS法进行半同胞关系鉴定。同时结合X-STR结果,进而综合判定是否为同父异母半同胞姐妹亲缘关系。结果本案例中通过ITO方法计算,HSI均在1.36×102~2.09×105之间,支持甲和乙为半同胞关系,判别函数同样得到了基本一致的结果,IBS法的结果也对此结果进行了验证。结论对于同父异母的半同胞关系鉴定,综合应用多种判定方法分析可获得较为可靠的鉴定意见。     

Problematic reporting in DNA cases: the need for accredited formats and certified reporting competence

Quality assurance is a pre-requisite for operational forensic genetic laboratories and professional organisations such as ENFSI, SWGDAM or ISFG. These organisations provide guidelines/recommendations for the methods used (both for analysis and evaluation), and for reporting. Aspects regarding analyses will generally be found in the accreditation scope, contrary to evaluation. Moreover, proficiency testing on how to evaluate and report results is still in its infancy. This is problematic as the quality of forensic science services for the administration of justice crucially depends on how results are evaluated and conveyed.In this paper, we use examples of written and oral statements to illustrate how accreditation could improve and ensure that guidelines on interpretation are properly implemented, reviewed and maintained. We underline the need for certifying and validating the knowledge of the experts in that specific field. Indeed, analytical techniques have for many years been the focus of accreditation, rather than the soundness and logic of communication of the value of the results obtained with these techniques. It is now time for a shift and to provide means that ensure that forensic scientists’ conclusions are as justifiable as their analytical methods.     

和谐社会：中国共产党执政能力的时代内容

十六届四中全会作出了加强党的执政能力建设的重要决定,这是党对执政规律、社会主义建设规律和人类社会发展规律认识深化的重要成果。从加强党执政能力的角度把构建社会主义和谐社会作为党执政的重要目标,是新时期党建思想的鲜明特色。中国共产党是人民利益的忠实代表,适时地提出构建社会主义和谐社会,不仅充分说明党对群众利益的高度关注;而且表明党把创建社会主义和谐社会作为提高执政能力的重要途径、作为检验党的执政能力的重要标尺。创建社会主义和谐社会已经成为党在新世纪新阶段加强党的执政能力建设的时代内容。     

中国汉族人mtDNA控制区异质性遗传规律

目的探讨中国汉族人mtDNA控制区异质性分布情况和遗传规律。方法将人mtDNA控制区扩增成6个部分互相重叠的片段,利用已建立的DHPLC技术分析其异质性规律。结果对150例汉族无关个体的多种组织检测,发现异质性个体的发生率达34%(51/150);个体的组织mtDNA异质性检出率最高为脑(50/150)、心肌(48/150)、最低为骨骼(22/150);本组共发现mtDNA控制区异质性位点有36个;同一个体可有多个异质性位点,最多的不超过3个;未发现异质性发生率有性别差异;超过41岁的高年龄组的异质性发生率(27/59)高于低年龄组(24/91);同一个体在2年前后取的血样,异质性检测结果一致;同一母系不同成员的异质性位点相同,但异质性mtDNA的含量有差异。结论DHPLC检测mtDNA控制区异质性具有高分辩力;mtDNA控制区异质性在中国汉族人中广泛存在;上述结果可作为mtDNA控制区多态性作个人认定和亲权鉴定的指导性资料。