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31.
植物DNA检验技术是利用植物遗传性状的稳态性对关联植物物证进行检验鉴定的手段。将该技术应用于现场重建,应基于植物物证与犯罪嫌疑人、被害人及其活动环境具有"重大关联性"。从命案现场重建的需求上看,应围绕犯罪嫌疑人及其可控物品中附着植物与现场植物的种属同一性判断、被害人尸体(尸块或尸骸)及其随附物品中附着植物与中心现场植物的种属同一性判断、疑似侵害物及其附着植物与嫌疑人行为关联植物的种属同一性判断等三个角度或层次进行检验和综合分析。植物DNA检验技术可阐明物证的时空运行停顿规律,为命案现场重建工作提供一种参考性解决方案。 相似文献
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Advances in genomic science are attracting the interest of the U.S. military for their potential to improve medical care for members of the military and to aid in military recruitment, training, specialization, and mission accomplishment. While researchers have explored the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by the use of genomic science in a wide variety of contexts, there has been virtually no examination of these issues in connection with the use of genomics by the military. This article identifies potential uses of genomic science by the military, proposes an applicable ethical and legal framework, and applies the framework to provide ethical and legal guidance for military decision-makers. 相似文献
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Richard C. Harruff MD PhD Nicole A. Yarid MD William L. Barbour BS Yang H. Martin MS 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(5):1632-1642
As the overdose epidemic overwhelmed medicolegal death investigation offices and toxicology laboratories, the King County Medical Examiner's Office responded with “real-time” fatal overdose surveillance to expedite death certification and information dissemination through assembling a team including a dedicated medicolegal death investigator, an information coordinator, and student interns. In-house testing of blood, urine, and drug evidence from scenes was performed using equipment and supplies purchased for surveillance. Collaboration with state laboratories allowed validation. Applied forensic epidemiology accelerated data dissemination. From 2010 to 2022, the epidemic claimed 5815 lives in King County; the last 4 years accounted for 47% of those deaths. After initiating the surveillance project, in-house testing was performed on blood from 2836 decedents, urine from 2807, and 4238 drug evidence items from 1775 death scenes. Time to complete death certificates decreased from weeks to months to hours to days. Overdose-specific information was distributed weekly to a network of law enforcement and public health agencies. As the surveillance project tracked the epidemic, fentanyl and methamphetamine became dominant and were associated with other indicators of social deterioration. In 2022, fentanyl was involved in 68% of 1021 overdose deaths. Homeless deaths increased sixfold; in 2022, 67% of 311 homeless deaths were due to overdose; fentanyl was involved in 49% and methamphetamine in 44%. Homicides increased 250%; in 2021, methamphetamine was positive in 35% of 149 homicides. The results are relevant to the value of rapid surveillance, its impact on standard operations, selection of cases requiring autopsy, and collaboration with other agencies in overdose prevention. 相似文献
34.
《Science & justice》2023,63(2):251-257
Method validation has gained traction within forensic speech science. The community recognises the need to demonstrate that the analysis methods used are valid, but finding a way to do so has been more straightforward for some analysis methods than for others. This article addresses the issue of method validation for the Auditory Phonetic and Acoustic (AuPhA) approach to forensic voice comparison. Although it is possible to take inspiration from general regulatory guidance on method validation, it is clear that these cannot be transposed on to all forensic analysis methods with the same degree of success. Particularly with respect to an analysis method like AuPhA, and in a field of the size and characteristics of forensic speech science, a bespoke approach to method validation is required. In this article we address the discussions that have been taking place around method validation, and illustrate one possible solution to demonstrating the validity of voice comparison by a human expert using the AuPhA method. In doing so we consider the constraints placed on sole practitioners, which generally go unacknowledged. 相似文献
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目的探讨39个常染色体STR基因座在二联体亲子鉴定突变案例中的应用价值。方法提取全血基因组,采用AGCU Expressmarker 22荧光检测试剂盒进行二联体亲子鉴定,若出现1~2个矛盾基因座,则加做AGCU 21+1 STR荧光检测试剂盒,计算累计父权指数(CPI)值,根据亲子鉴定判断标准判定结果。结果共检测502例二联体亲子鉴定案例,其中排除亲权关系17例,485例不排除亲权关系,10例出现单基因座不符合。加做AGCU 21+1后除1例出现一个新的STR基因座不符合,其他均符合遗传规律,且CPI≥10 000。结论 39个STR基因座的联合应用能够有效解决二联体亲子鉴定中的大部分突变案例。 相似文献
37.
Hand preference may be crucial in the forensic domain, notably in cases where the assailant is known to be left‐handed and the defendant claims to be right‐handed (or vice versa). In such cases, forensic psychologists or physicians may be asked to test the hand preference of the defendant. However, hand preference may be faked. The case described here illustrates this problem and addresses potential solutions. We also present preliminary data showing that a standard instrument for measuring handedness is sensitive to feigning. We conclude that when hand preference is determined, multiple sources of information should be assessed in order to identify possible feigning. 相似文献
38.
《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2019,7(1):12-13
Ancestry testing can provide valuable information in forensic applications, but its efficiency has not yet been properly evaluated when used in highly admixed populations. In this work we tested a commercial ancestry panel containing 165 autosomal SNPs in 30 Dubai residents. Most of the tested individuals displayed, as expected, an admixed profile, but in general the main inferred ancestry was of Southwest Asian extraction, testifying that these tests can provide useful complementary forensic information. 相似文献
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高职高专实用英语口语教学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
培养学生的英语应用能力是教育部高教司对高职高专教育英语教学的战略定位。本文分析了高职高专学生英语口语能力现状与《基本要求》教学目的之间存在的差距及产生这一差距的原因,并提出应从教、学、考三个方面来提高高职高专学生的英语口语能力。 相似文献