Adaptive and Maladaptive Gatekeeping Behaviors and Attitudes: Implications for Child Outcomes After Separation and Divorce

Gatekeeping has been used as a theory and a measure to describe and assess family dynamics within the context of separation and divorce. In this article, we explore adaptive and maladaptive gatekeeping behaviors and attitudes that can affect the other parent's relationship with the child. Implications are presented for connecting adaptive and maladaptive gatekeeping responses to child outcomes of safety, well‐being, and positive parent–child relationships following separation and divorce. We build on the recent attention to gatekeeping as a potential framework within the child custody context.     

A new Fair Trade registration scheme based on the relations of production

Fashion, accessories, and homeware fall outside the regulations of Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO), which certifies mostly food products. A handful of fashion-led Fair Trade enterprises are now providing ranges of high-quality desirable products, made by workers employed in urban enterprises as well as independent producers in cooperatives. Tabeisa, an NGO involved in Fair Trade retailing, has developed a new regulatory framework which uniquely starts by defining the relations of production between all actors in the chain. This ensures that those not previously covered by existing standards are made visible and receive fair pay and conditions.     

Corruption,human-rights violation,and the interface with violence in the Niger Delta

This article examines the interdependence between corruption, violations of human rights, and conflict in the Niger Delta. It is argued that corruption-induced violations have triggered conflicts that have become cyclical. The article sets out a theoretical context against which to examine the interface between corruption, human-rights violation, and conflict in the Delta, and calls for the integration of the fight against corruption into the peace-building process in the Niger Delta.     

The potential of Corporate Social Responsibility to eradicate poverty: an ongoing debate

This article focuses on one of the assumptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR), namely its usefulness as a tool for eradicating poverty. The claims that business and CSR strategies can be effective in fighting poverty face major challenges, in particular the wide divergence of understandings about the notion and implementation of CSR, and the absence of clear understanding of underlying ideological bases concerning business and poverty. The authors find that, although usually considered as ideologically neutral, the CSR discourse requires the introduction of ideological debate if it is to meet the goal of poverty eradication.     

Working with children as stakeholders in development: the challenges of organisational change

This article considers the challenges of promoting children's participation in development programming. It argues against the tendency to see the main obstacle to achieving this aim as technical. Instead it explores the institutional dimensions of change that may be required. The experience of a four-year process of training and organisational review within Save the Children Denmark provides the substance for reflection about the kinds of cultural and structural change that are implicated in enabling a development organisation to become capable of engaging young people as stakeholders in a meaningful and sustainable manner.     

Good intentions are not enough: French NGO efforts at democracy building in Cameroon

NGOs have traditionally had little scope to bring about political reform in developing countries. This was certainly true of French development NGOs (NGDOs) operating in Cameroon during the early post-colonial decades. This situation changed in 2002 when French NGDOs, with support from the French state and Cameroonian civil society, initiated a multi-actor consultative programme (the PCPA), aiming to build democracy in Cameroon. This article traces the origins of the PCPA, assesses its achievements, and explains why the programme failed. It then identifies key lessons and asks whether the PCPA represents a useful model for French NGOs and donor states.     

从“卡翁达诉南非共和国总统案”看外交保护的另一种国家实践

外交保护的实施过程可以区分为国内决策阶段和利用国际法向侵害本国人权利的相对国采取措施的阶段。因此,在国内决策阶段中有一种不可忽视的实践,那就是认为从国内法角度来看国家负有以一切可能方式保护本国公民的义务。但是,实际上外交是国家行为,它代表国民的整体利益。因而在具体个案中可能需要从大局出发采取和缓的方式对权益受侵害的国民进行保护或放弃保护。但,必须建立有效的机制以沟通被害者和实行外交保护的公权力机构。在对公共利益和私人利益进行取舍时,可能需要考虑相应的补偿问题。以此为出发点,对将以外交保护方式保护国民作为国家宪法义务的国家实践进行研究。     

THE FORGOTTEN BONDS: THE ASSESSMENT AND CONTEMPLATION OF SIBLING ATTACHMENT IN DIVORCE AND PARENTAL SEPARATION

Attachment theory is increasingly being considered when contemplating post‐divorce parenting plans. Historically, there has been a strong emphasis on assessing the strength of the parent‐child bond as well as a child's attachment style. Surprisingly little research has focused on sibling bonds and the implications for post‐divorce parenting plans. This article provides an overview of sibling attachment theory, sibling attachment considerations in foster care decisions, and the limited research examining sibling attachment in divorce and parenting schedules. Several key questions are offered for mental health and legal professionals to consider when factoring sibling relations into post‐separation parenting plans.     

权利能力概念的形成和变迁

为了表达法律人（Person）承担权利的资格这种属性,实现法律概念的精确化,德国学者提出了权利能力的概念。然而,由于权利的意志之力本质和无意志者的权利能力之间的矛盾以及权利能力平等和权利能力限制之间的矛盾,权利能力概念的内涵处于不断变化之中。总体来看,权利能力概念的形成使得法律人的概念解体了,人的要素分化为人格、权利能力等个别的制度。而权利能力在本质上仅仅是法律人在实证法上的一种属性。     

政策否决的社会建构——以我国几次立法禁止“人肉搜索”的失败为例

针对传统的政策否决理论无法对我国立法禁止"人肉搜索"失败的现象做出完满解释的问题,本文通过引入建构主义社会学中边界物的概念认为:作为边界物的"人肉搜索"由于其解释的灵活性,存在着技术、权利和适用三个层面的划界。如果说从依靠人的"人机互动"中衍生出针对人的"人际互动"具有偶然性的因素,在其立法禁止的多方尝试中却是隐私权和"监督权-批评权"相对于另外一种隐私权和言论自由权划界方式的胜利。虽然中央和地方都试图在"监督权-批评权"的指涉对象上做出社会一般失范和官员腐败的划分,结果也只是带来规制性政策的流产或是象征性通过,即便趋利避害地利用"人肉搜索"已经得到了社会各界的广泛认同。文章还进一步指出,"人肉搜索"现象的出现和政策应对上的两难源于国家和公民社会之间的张力,只有对其进行有效分流才能真正阻止"网络暴力"的产生。而且在信息社会等生成性的制度语境下,打开政策问题内容的黑箱也是十分必要的。