Effects of early family/parent training programs on antisocial behavior and delinquency

Based on evidence that early antisocial behavior is a key risk factor for delinquency and crime throughout the life course, early family/parent training, among its many functions, has been advanced as an important intervention/prevention effort. There are several theories concerning why early family/parent training may cause a reduction in child behavior problems including antisocial behavior and delinquency (and have other ancillary benefits in non-crime domains over the life course). The prevention of behavior problems is one of the many objectives of early family/parent training, and it comprises the main focus of this review. Results indicate that early family/parent training is an effective intervention for reducing behavior problems among young children, and the weighted effect size was 0.35. The results from a series of analog to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and weighted least squares regression models (with random effects) demonstrated that there were significant differences in the effect sizes of studies conducted in the USA versus those conducted in other countries and that studies that were based on samples smaller than 100 children had larger effect sizes. Sample size was also the strongest predictor of the variation in the effect sizes. Additional evidence indicated that early family/parent training was also effective in reducing delinquency and crime in later adolescence and adulthood. Overall, the findings lend support for the continued use of early family/parent training to prevent behavior problems. Future research should test the main theories of early family/parent training and detail more explicitly the causal mechanisms by which early family/parent training reduces delinquency and crime, and future evaluations should employ high quality designs with long-term follow-ups, including repeated measures of antisocial behavior, delinquency, and crime over the life course.

国内土地征收补偿范围存在的问题及对策探讨

在我国现行立法中,关于土地征收补偿范围的规定非常狭窄和笼统,概括来说,主要存在三个方面的不足,它未涉及间接损失的补偿、没有时土地承包经营权进行补偿、没有全面补偿失地农民的社保权益损害,应从以上三个角度来完善我国土地征收补偿范围的立法。     

新集体林权制度改革中的林权纠纷及原因分析

2003年开始试点、2008年全面推广实施的农村新集体林权制度改革的目的是把集体林地经营权和林木所有权落实到农户,确立农民的经营主体地位,以实现"耕者有其山"的目标.作为全国最早实施新集体林权制度改革的试点省份,福建省和江西省在开展新集体林权制度改革方面进行了艰辛的探索,也取得了很大的成效.但是,这两个省在改革过程中,致使有的农村地区出现了林权过度集中和部分林农失山失地的现象,由此引发了许多类型的林权纠纷.林权纠纷多发的原因既与林权制度变迁和林权制度改革的政策设计失误有关,也与农民的林权主体意识觉醒及林权升值有关.在林权纠纷中,农民通过各种规范和"非规范"的抗争方式来表达自身的利益诉求.     

从宪法权利保护模式看私有财产权的宪法保护

宪法中直接载明公民权利的称为权利的直接宪法保护,规定权力分配和运行的称为权利的间接宪法保护。这种对宪法权利保护模式的划分体现了隐藏在宪法条文之中的宪法精神,摆脱了专注于权利的直接保护的束缚。     

论毛泽东人权思想的文化根源

中国古代传统文化强调平等与和平,古代思想家的人权意识思想为毛泽东人权思想的形成提供了重要的思想材料。孙中山先生提出的三民主义包含着丰富的人权思想,为毛泽东人权思想的确立提供了直接的思想来源。毛泽东从青少年时代起不断受到西方资产阶级人权思想的熏陶,吸收了其中的积极思想,为他的人权思想的建立提供了重要条件。马克思主义人权思想在中国的传播,促进了毛泽东对马克思主义人权的认识,使毛泽东的人权思想上升到了一个新的高度。     

保护规范理论反思与本土化修正

保护规范理论的引入不仅关乎原告资格的确定,因为与实体法上的公权利相勾连,其如何适用直接关涉个人权利在公法中的析出路径与范围。就保护规范理论本身而言,其将权益基础限定为公法,使得主观公权利难以识别;其意在行政法内部建立独立的权利义务体系,无法有效应对公私法交织融合的现实;反射利益理论对解决滥诉有益,但也为将权利解释为利益提供了理由。出于我国行政诉讼制度产生于经济政治改革之下的权力监督背景、基本权利条款司法辐射功能缺失等原因,保护规范理论在我国的适用中产生公权利析出范围过窄等现象。批判本土标准不确定性的论者,实际上是没有对本土实践展开充分的理论塑造。我们应该在借鉴保护规范理论权益实定化路径的同时,结合本土已有的要件化判断实践,将原告资格的实定法基础拓展至私法,并增加因果关系要件作为判断辅助。     

美国《犯罪被害人权利法》扩张适用及其启示

《犯罪被害人权利法》标志着美国犯罪被害人保护立法达到了顶峰,但是环境犯罪被害人的出现使该法的适用引起了争议。反对者的主要理由是基于审判程序的复杂性、被害人的难以确定性和媒体报道所导致的不公正性,然而,支持者认为适用该法不仅不会导致审判程序复杂化,而且能够合理地保护环境犯罪被害人的权利并保证审判的公正性。引起争论的深层原因在于环境犯罪被害人的特殊性。美国《犯罪被害人权利法》的扩张适用对我国环境犯罪被害人的保护具有启发意义。首先是扩展传统犯罪被害人的定义;其次是保障环境犯罪被害人的刑事诉权;最后是完善环境犯罪被害人的救济制度。     

Case Comment: The Legality of ‘Kettling’ after Austin

This case comment considers the European Court of Human Rights decision of Austin v United Kingdom (2012) 55 EHRR 14. Austin claimed, unsuccessfully, that police kettling at a public protest in London amounted to a violation of her right to liberty under Article 5 of the European Convention of Human Rights. This case comment suggests that the court took an unexpected and unorthodox approach to the issue of ‘deprivation’ within Article 5. This decision may come to undermine the protections afforded by Article 5 and extend the current exceptions to Article 5 to an indefinite range of situations.     

Educación jurídica,investigación y derechos humanos inteligentes

The recent studies on the genes, the neurons and the information, are influencing the form to know us and to know the reality. The opportunity is had, for this reason, to improve the formation of the professor and the students of the Right, to happen of an education of repetitions to one of new features, discovery, diversion, that is to say, investigation. One is to avoid “to transmit” information, but to explore it, to construct it, only to invent it, working in equipment, professor and students, inside and outside the hall classes. The contents to investigate can be placed in the past, the present or in the future, like the human rights. Thus, it is tried that the well-known or effective human rights, the products of the legal rationalism, are extended to protect the emotional human dignity: the respect, the confidence, the tolerance, the responsibility, the happiness, desire, the pleasure. Human intelligence is multiple, for that reason the human rights must be intelligent, that protect and develop the intellect, the affectivity, the corporal one, the energy, the environment and its cosmovisión.     

Las condiciones de inteligibilidad de las prácticas constitucionales. una aproximación a partir del caso del aborto

In this paper we intend to highlight the three levels of discourse that underground every constitutional discussion, from the view point of the special case of abortion. We aim, in the end, to propose a reflection about what we could name the intelligibility conditions of our constitutional practices. With this purpose, we identify three discussions that converge in the discussion about the justice of decriminalizing abortion: (a) the explicit discussion about the claimed existence of a right not to be condemned for choosing abortion; (b) the implicit discussion about the nature of public reasons, as opposed to religious reasons; (c) the underlying discussion about the nature of concepts which are used in these two previous levels of discussion.