Talking of gender: words and meanings in development organisations

This article reflects on the vocabulary commonly used within development organisations to communicate about ‘gender and development’. It argues that the relevant terminology, though frequently used, remains problematic. Some terms are almost entirely absent, while others are used loosely and inappropriately – with the subtleties of carefully developed and much-debated concepts often lost. Terms such as ‘empowerment’, ‘gender’, and ‘gender mainstreaming’ which originated in feminist thinking and activism have lost their moorings and become depoliticised. Despite these problems, there are indications that debates and language may be taking a more radical turn with the acknowledgement of the shortcomings of the practices of gender mainstreaming, the deepening of interest in the notion of empowerment, and the explicit adoption of a human-rights language.     

NGOs and the dynamics of the Egyptian labour market

This article discusses the role that NGOs play, not in their traditional role as service providers, but as employers in the Egyptian labour market. Over the past two decades, NGOs have been offering attractive job opportunities to middle-class professionals who are disillusioned with the private sector and no longer interested in joining the state bureaucracy. The working conditions of the growing number of NGO employees, and NGOs' performance as employers, have not been investigated in the substantial academic and policy literature on NGOs, which so far has been almost exclusively concerned with NGOs' relationships with their ‘beneficiaries’, rather with than with their position as active players in a changing labour market.     

论党的权力、国家权力与人民权力的统一

党的权力、国家权力、人民权力是我国政治生活中最重要的三种权力。改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式,所要解决的主要是党政关系问题,即共产党如何执掌、领导国家政权的问题。坚持和保障党的权力、国家权力、人民权力的高度统一,是加强和改进党的建设的一个根本问题。实现三种权力的统一,关键在于党。     

“惩罚性赔偿”及人权与经济发展的关系

由于我国目前个别司法理念存在问题,致使赔偿制度无论是从制度上还是从实践上都远未发挥其应有的社会作用。在赔偿领域,适度的惩罚性赔偿是保证在全社会领域实现公平与效率的有效手段,可以矫正失范的社会秩序,同时,它也是人权保障的重要手段,并为进一步的经济发展奠定基础。     

Development,racism, and discrimination in the Dominican Republic

From an analysis of recent empirical research in the Dominican Republic, this article addresses the ways in which racism underpins elements of governance, and explores organisational and individual responses to racialised discrimination initiated by the state. The context is timely, given the steady rise in reported racist and violent attacks against people presumed to be of Haitian origin in the Dominican Republic over the past five years. The government has intensified formal military and police round-ups of migrants and settlers suspected to be of Haitian origin, and this article assesses the group and individual responses to these state-led actions, analysing formal and informal interventions, their evolution, maintenance, and impact.     

The future of claims to resist removal by non-nationals suffering from HIV/AIDS

The focus of this article is to consider the difficulties facing non-nationals suffering HIV/AIDS to resist removal to their countries of origin where there is no or inadequate medical treatment. The link between HIV/AIDS and migration will be explored illustrating the vulnerability of displaced people to the virus. The current UK legal position for those attempting to resist removal in such circumstances will be explored. The article will explore two potential avenues that may prevent removal of non-nationals with HIV/AIDS to countries with limited access to the necessary treatment. In the first instance consideration of Article 3 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) will be made with particular emphasis on mother and child claims. The second argument will examine the potential for refugee claims under Article 1A (2) Refugee Convention 1951 where an applicant may be able to demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution because of membership to a particular social group. The authors will particularly emphasise the argument that in certain countries sufferers will experience ostracism and victimisation where its severity may amount to treatment contrary to Article 3 ECHR and persecution under the Refugee Convention. Vanessa Bettinson and Dr Alwyn Jones, senior lecturers, De Montfort University. The authors would like to thank Professor Tony Barnett at London School of Economics for his useful and invaluable thoughts and comments. We would also like to thank our colleague Gavin Dingwall and the students in our 2006/07 Immigration and Refugee Law seminars for their very helpful feedback.     

论交巡警执法过程中遭受不法侵害的成因及对策

交巡警执法过程中屡遭不法侵害在不同程度上干扰了民警的正常执法活动,暴力阻碍民警执勤执法的因素是多方面的,只有采取多种手段和措施才能有效地保障民警执法活动的正常进行。     

安南联合国改革报告评析

安南秘书长2005年3月21日提出的题为《大自由:实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权》的改革报告,试图为联合国应对新世纪国际和平与安全面临的威胁“建立一个全球合作和具体行动的新时代的蓝图”。报告提出了不少新的概念和建议,但主要反映美国为首的西方大国的观点和主张。从各方反应看,各国对报告的分歧意见和提出的问题很多,主要集中在7个方面:什么是当前世界面临的主要威胁、把所谓“集体保护的责任”作为“新的(国际)规范”问题、使用武力的合法性标准问题、防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散问题、恐怖主义定义问题、设立小规模的人权理事会问题和安理会改革问题。     

刑事诉讼法再修改的理性思考

刑事诉讼法的修改,应确立以下几种理念:刑事诉讼法的直接目的为发现真实与保障人权;诉讼模式应以职权主义为基础,融合当事人主义的一些做法;扩大司法参与;确立程序本位和国际优位的思想。     

论当前消费者权益保护的立法缺陷

1993年颁布的《消费者权益保护法》为消费者合法权益的保护提供了强有力的保障。但15年过去了,《消费者权益保护法》因受制于制定时的经济发展水平和消费环境,存在的一些缺陷与不足日益显现。因此,进一步充实和完善维护消费者权益的相关法律法规迫在眉睫。