当代中国经济社会变动与人大代表选举中城乡人口比例政策的演进

在人大代表选举中实行城乡人口比例政策,是我国普选产生人大代表的历史条件所要求的。在一定时期内按不同人口比例配备代表,不但反映了共和国国体的本质,而且标志着国家工业化的发展方向。随着中国经济体制改革、城市化、工业化和城乡一体化的发展,以及城乡人口的融合,城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表的条件已基本成熟。新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来实行普选的过程,一定意义上是个逐步实现城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表的政策制定、调整及其实践的过程。在这一过程中,城镇化和非农业人口的发展,成为推动城乡人口比例政策改进和发展的主要经济社会动因。     

试论宁波海防人口治安调控手段和制度建设

沿海和海上治安是海洋经济发展战略的基础，而其中人口治安调控又是沿海和海上治安的基础环节。宁波作为沿海重要城市，尤其是浙江海洋经济发展示范区的核心城市，加强海防人口治安调控具有极其典型的意义。宁波海防人口流动性大、数量多、成分复杂程度高。建立符合本区域特点的海防人口治安调控原则，完善治安责任制和海上社区警务制度，加强人口治安的事前、事中、事后调控手段，将对探索维护我国沿海和海上人口的治安提供可借鉴的思路。     

Population genetic data of five X-chromosomal loci in Bauru (São Paulo, Brazil)

Genetic population data for five X-STR (DXS6854, DXS7424, DXS101, DXS6808 and DXS7132) were obtained from Bauru population (São Paulo, Brazil). No deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed, with the exception of DXS101. The combined powers of discrimination in males and females were 0.99897253 and 0.99999120, respectively. These high values show the potential of this system in human identification and paternity testing.     

我国城市户籍制度改革的理论思考

目前，我国总体上已进入破除城乡二元结构、形成城乡经济社会发展一体化的重要时期。户籍制度改革的最终目标是人的全面发展，当前户籍法律制度改革的方向和主线应该是尽快修改完善违背社会公平正义的法律规定，从而剥离掉附着在户口本背后的那些政治、经济、文化利益，实现城乡居民的事实平等。     

论农村养老保障体系的建立

农村养老保障体系的建立，是完善我国社会保障制度的要求，面临人口老龄化特别是农村人口的老龄化，如何逐步建立以政府为主导、家庭养老为辅助、其他多种形式并存、适应农村实际状况的养老保障体系，成为建设社会主义新农村过程中的一个重要问题。     

亚马尔一涅涅茨自治区的人口问题

俄罗斯经济转轨以来 ,亚马尔—涅涅茨自治区的人口状况是极北地区最好的。主要表现是 :人口自然增长率较高 ,迁入人数超过迁出人数。其原因是当地的工资水平和社会保障水平较高。使用“远方”的临时工作者近来有扩大的趋势 ,这将使常住人口的失业率上升、迁出数量增加     

Outcome of sex determination from ulnar and radial ridge densities of Brazilians’ fingerprints: Applying an existing method to a new population

Fingerprints do not repeat, varying from region to region on the same fingerprint and from person to person. Using this morphological exclusivity in the individualization of people is considered one of the most reliable methods of identification worldwide. Many populations have been studied with respect to sex determination from fingerprints. In this study, the ridge density from two different areas - ulnar and radial - of the ten fingerprints from 100 Brazilian men and 100 Brazilian women was ascertained and statistically analyzed. The aim was to check whether these characteristics depended on sex to distinguish them categorically. Women had significantly higher ridge density in both areas for the fingers analyzed globally. Sometimes, men and women showed statistically significant differences in hands and fingers. From ulnar and radial ridge densities, this research developed thresholds for sexual discrimination cases of human identification in Brazil.     

我国有组织犯罪的特征及其对策

有组织犯罪绝对数量大；其首犯、主犯多有暴力犯罪的前科，几乎全是边缘化人群；多以合法外衣掩饰其违法犯罪行为，以暴力、恐吓手段攫取暴利；呈现专业化、家族化的特征；多有保护伞。控制有组织犯罪依赖于立法专门化、一体化；切实贯彻落实宽严相济刑事政策；完善刑罚体系，重视并努力做好犯罪人的再社会化工作；做好社会治安综合治理工作；优化社会政策，减少边缘人口。     

Classification of the Y-haplogroup distributions of Western Eurasian populations using a self-learning algorithm

The understanding of historical relationship between populations is a core aspect of human population history studies. We have compared the frequency of 18 different Y-SNP haplogroups in 90 Western Eurasian populations. Classification of haplogroup distribution vectors using a new self-learning classification algorithm so called “self-organizing cloud (SOC)” proved to be an effective tool to identify population groups, which share common paternal genetic features. By means of the algorithm, we have determined 10 different classes of populations based on the similarity of haplogroup composition. The analysis showed that paternal genetic markers tend to reflect geographical proximity of populations better than linguistic relationship, although certain Y-SNP haplogroups have relatively good correlation with specific language families. These observations are based on the comparative analysis of the Hg distributions of contemporary populations may reflect demographic history of them in the past.     

渐进主义政策模式下的户籍制度改革路径分析

以城乡二元分割为特征的中国户籍制度,以及由此带来的以户籍为标准的城乡之间、不同地域城市之间公共物品配给的不公平,阻碍了人口的自由流动以及经济的发展;户籍制度越来越受到学术界和公众的批判,户籍制度本身也在被批判的浪潮中自我尝试改革,从目前各地户籍制度改革政策的调整来看,渐进主义的政策模式,一定程度上代表了未来户籍制度变革的方向。