论我国人口计生事业的改革与发展

本文从以人为中心的理念出发探讨了我国人口和计划生育事业的改革与发展问题,指出人口治理新理念应是从以数为本单一控制人口数量转向以人为本统筹解决人口问题。首先探讨了人口计生公共管理服务的八大机制,新宣教的理论框架,新优质服务概念框架和六连环路径。然后提出了日常管理与危机管理并重的主张,强调了人口危机管理要从＂末端治理＂转向＂预防管理＂。最后讨论了流动人口计划生育管理体制的改革问题,并总结了五点经验。     

Metacarpal sexual determination in a Spanish population

Anthropologists and forensic pathologist determine the sex of skeletons by analyzing quantitative and qualitative characters in the bone remains. Generally, the skull and os coxae are the elements most used, but they are not always preserved. In such cases, the investigator needs to have available other techniques based on different remains. The aim of the present work is to develop and describe discriminating functions for sex determination in a recent Spanish population using metacarpal morphology. A sample of bones corresponding to a contemporary Spanish population deposited at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) was analyzed. This sample comprised 697 metacarpals, corresponding to 79 adult individuals (37 men and 42 women). These allowed us to obtain 120 unifactorial discriminant functions. We selected the 10 equations, one for each metacarpal from both hands, that provided the best sexual discrimination. The correct sex classification rank progressed from 81%, for right (R) metacarpals IV and V, to 91%, for left (L) metacarpal II. The results suggest that metacarpals are structures that can be used for sex determination in paleoanthropological and forensic identifications.