Adolescent observers of marital violence

The relationship between observation of marital violence and adolescent behavior and adjustment was studied. One hundred and one predominantly white 13- to 18-year-olds from four residential treatment agencies and one youth shelter were interviewed. Approximately half reported witnessing marital violence and were compared with those not exposed to interparental violence with respect to depression, running away, use of violence toward parents, and approval and use of violence toward dating partners. Substantial numbers reported being depressed, running away, hitting their parents, and hitting and being hit by dating partners. However, the findings indicated only a modest effect of witnessing interparental violence, which was mediated by gender. Males exposed to spousal abuse were significantly more likely to have run away, report suicidal thoughts, and somewhat more likely to hit their mothers as compared to nonobservers. Witnessing marital violence was unrelated to females' behavior or well-being.     

食品监管渎职罪解析

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（八）》针对食品安全监管漏洞增设了“食品监管渎职罪”,用于督促和惩治食品安全监管过程中的渎职行为.认定“食品监管渎职罪”的关键在于把握其构成要件和法条竞合时的适用原则这两方面,然而英罪名和法定刑仍须完善.     

Loperamide as a Potential Drug of Abuse and Misuse: Fatal Overdoses at the Medical University of South Carolina

Loperamide is an over‐the‐counter, μ‐opioid receptor agonist commonly used as an antidiarrheal agent. Loperamide was thought to have minimal abuse potential due to its low bioavailability and limited central nervous system activity; however, there have been increasing reports of loperamide misuse in supratherapeutic doses to achieve euphoria and/or avoid opioid withdrawal. A literature review suggests a rise in loperamide abuse was inevitable, with substantial increases in reported cases over the last decade. Five fatal cases of toxic medication use where loperamide was listed as a primary or contributory cause of death were identified at the Medical University of South Carolina. The characteristic autopsy demographics and findings are described, and the mechanisms of abuse and toxicity of loperamide are reviewed. Loperamide overdoses are a growing concern from both a forensic and clinical standpoint, and the frequency of reported cases will likely increase as awareness grows within the medical and toxicological communities.     

论《欧盟运行条约》第102条在知识产权领域的扩大适用——以阿斯利康公司诉欧盟委员会一案为视角

自由竞争和知识产权保护是现代国家建立和完善市场经济制度,保护消费者利益的两把利剑。以往判例所确立的原则是欧盟竞争法在特殊情形下被有限的适用于知识产权行使过程中的某些行为,竞争法的适用通常要满足非常严格的条件。而在新近作出的一份判决中,欧盟普通法院首次将《欧盟运行条约》第102条①适用于知识产权的申请行为,而且在适用过程中,明显放宽适用条件。这种在知识产权领域扩大适用竞争规则的行为有损知识产权法律体系的独立性,而且在今后类似案件中也不具有较强的可操作性,其仅具有特例性,而非普遍意义。     

儿童虐待的法律规制——以日本法为视角的分析

为了有效防止儿童虐待,日本已经建立起一套完整、成熟的儿童虐待法律保护体系.反观中国,由于规制儿童虐待的法律之不足,儿童虐待故未得到有效抗制；对于非家庭成员实施的儿童虐待行为,刑法中也无合适的罪名加以处罚.因此,完善儿童虐待的法律保护体系势在必行.     

Finkelhor's precondition model of child sexual abuse: A critique

Abstract

This paper critically discusses an extremely influential multi-factorial theory of child molestation, Finkelhor's Precondition Model. This model was one of the first comprehensive theories of the sexual abuse of children and represents a significant achievement. It provides a clear framework for approaching the study of men who have sexually abused children and has lead to both clear treatment goals and clinical innovations. It has rarely, however, been systematically critically examined and the cogency of its core constructs evaluated. Our analysis suggests that alongside its strengths, Finkelhor's Precondition Model has some conceptual problems. It suffers from vagueness; contains overlapping constructs; and a rich array of vulnerability factors that require teasing out and clarification. The model's attempts to provide a taxonomy highlight the diversity inherent in child sexual abuse, but it has not yet provided a structure to adequately inform treatment.     

Battle Against Antibiotics

正In spite of tough measures,the overuse of antibiotics in China is still rampant Since penicillin was invented in 1928,antibiotics have spread rapidly around the world.In China,antibiotics are commonly referred to by another name—medicine to diminish inflammation.     

从对手到伙伴：革新开放以来的越美关系

1995年越美建交后，在共同的战略利益的驱使下，两国关系迅速发展，从过去的“对手关系”发展成现在的全面接触与合作的“伙伴关系”。在越美关系发展的过程中，有四个因素起着重要的作用，它们是经济因素、军事安全战略因素、大国平衡因素和政治因素。这四个因素在某种程度上都能够对越美关系的发展方向起决定性的影响作用，但它们发挥作用的方式各不相同，在不同的时间段，对越美关系的影响力也各不相同。这四个影响两国关系发展的因素处于不断的变化之中，彼此间的此消彼长关系将从根本上影响越美关系的大局。     

论行政自由裁量权及其法律控制

行政自由裁量权是行政权的重要组成部分,其存在和扩大是现代行政的一个重要特点。行政自由裁量权的存在既有其必要性,也有被滥用的可能性,所以有必要对其进行控制。从某种意义上讲,行政法主要是控制行政自由裁量权的法。对行政自由裁量权的控制主要通过立法、行政和司法手段。     

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Methadone Treatment: A Direct or Mediated Relationship?

Women in substance use treatment report rates of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence that far exceed those reported by women in the general population. Previous research with nonrandom samples of women in substance use treatment suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence; however, little is known about the mechanisms of risk between these two public health concerns among this population of women. To address this gap in knowledge and to inform intervention strategies, this study examined direct and mediated relationships between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence risk among a random sample of 416 women in methadone treatment. In addition to high rates of childhood sexual abuse (57.9%), intimate partner violence (lifetime prevalence, 89.7%; 6-month prevalence, 78.4%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 28.6%), and global psychological distress (19.5%), findings suggest that the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence is mediated by mental health problems and that women experiencing PTSD or global psychological distress are 2.7 and 2.4 times more likely to experience intimate partner violence than women without such experiences, respectively. Although not a mediator in this relationship, financial independence reduced women's risk of partner violence by two-thirds. The paper includes discussion of social learning and stress and coping theories to explicate the findings and to inform intervention strategies. This study is based, in part, on the first author's dissertation. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Society for Social Work and Research Annual Conference held in January 2005 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The following grants provided funding for this study: R01DA11027 and 3T32MH014623-22S1.