Serial Domestic Abuse in Wales: An Exploratory Study Into its Definition,Prevalence, Correlates,and Management

Analysis of information held by police, probation, and third-sector organizations in Wales about 100 domestic abuse perpetrators, along with 16 practitioner interviews, provides the empirical context for a discussion of the problem of “serial domestic abuse.” Despite increased concern over the harm caused by serial abusers, different definitions and recording systems prevent a reliable estimation of the problem. This exploratory study suggests that the offending profiles of serial abusers are heterogeneous, and recommends that approaches aimed at reducing the harm caused by the “power few” domestic abusers incorporate information about serial alongside repeat and high-risk offending.     

我国毒品泛滥的新动向

近50年来，毒品蔓延的范围已扩展到全世界五大洲200多个国家和地区，成为全球性的问题。联合国麻醉品管制署提供的资料显示，上世纪50年代，全球的吸毒人数约为910万，而目前已是2亿多人。我国毒品泛滥情况依然严重，毒品犯罪案件仍居高不下，毒品犯罪趋于国际化、网络化、隐蔽化，吸毒人员呈几何级数式增长，毒品消费市场的不断滋生扩大。本文详尽综述了近几年我国毒品泛滥的一些新情况和趋势。     

昆明地区复方地芬诺酯片滥用情况分析

目的:了解昆明地区复方地芬诺酯片的滥用情况。方法:自行设计调查表,对2006年1月-2006年5月入所发现的复方地芬诺酯片滥用者进行调查。结果:在2152例海洛因滥用者中共发现复方地芬诺酯片滥用者208例,占9.67%。在208例复方地芬诺酯片滥用者中,男162例,占77.88%,女46例,占22.12%;年龄17-50(33.5±s6.2)a;婚姻状况:未婚134例,占64.42%,同居24例,占11.54%,已婚29例,占13.94%,离异21例,占10.10%;文化程度:小学84例,占40.38%,初中105例,占50.48%,高中及以上19例,占9.13%;职业:无业174例,占83.65%,个体15例,占7.21%,驾驶员8例,占3.85%,服务人员5例,占2.40%,其他6例,占2.88%。滥用复方地芬诺酯片的主要方式:口服(100%);初始滥用的主要原因:"戒毒"(49.04%),目前滥用的主要原因:"替代海洛因"(46.63%);主要来源:药店(83.66%)和小诊所(47.52%);有19例(9.13%)曾发生过滥用复方地芬诺酯片急性中毒。结论:昆明地区药物滥用者中出现复方地芬诺酯片滥用情况;复方地芬诺酯片容易获得;滥用的主要原因与海洛因滥用有关;希望有关部门予以重视。     

我国药物滥用文献计量学研究

目的:了解我国近10a来药物滥用研究的文献状况。方法:采用"物质相关性障碍"为主题词,对《中国生物医学文献数据库》1997年-2006年收录的药物滥用文章进行检索和分析。根据《中国学术期刊综合引证报告》(2007版)提供的各项统计指标,对药物滥用领域的核心期刊进行分析。结果:(1)我国药物滥用研究论文的发表呈逐年上升趋势;(2)文献的著者以广东、北京和山东发文量最多,占50.4%;(3)大学的相关研究机构和附属医院发文量较多,占30%,其中北京大学发表最多;(4)药物滥用领域的研究中9.8%是基金资助的,而且基金资助数量也逐年增多;(5)载文量最多的期刊是《中国药物依赖性杂志》,其次是《中国药物滥用防治杂志》。结论:《中国药物依赖性杂志》和《中国药物滥用防治杂志》是药物依赖研究领域最受关注的期刊,具有较高的影响力和学术地位。     

An Early Community-Based Intervention for the Prevention of Substance Abuse and Other Delinquent Behavior

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of an early intervention, risk-reduction strategy versus a standard intervention approach in the treatment of inner-city youth at high risk of adopting a deviant lifestyle. It examines baseline and 1-year follow-up information provided by 408 youth admitted to 2 community-based Baltimore City Youth Bureaus offering counseling services for neighborhood youth referred for delinquent and other problematic behavior. In the study, one of these bureaus served as the experimental intervention clinic and the other as the control, or standard intervention, clinic. Outcome measures involved substance abuse; sexual activity; contact with juvenile authorities; and delinquent activity, including violence-related activity. Regression analyses of outcome measures revealed significant differential results for delinquent activity, which favored the experimental intervention. Relationships between risk/protective factors and outcome are discussed.     

Social Support: A Mediator between Child Maltreatment and Developmental Outcomes

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between child maltreatment, social support, and developmental outcomes in first-year college students. Participants were 202 undergraduate students (137 female, 65 male) who completed surveys at two time points: once before entering college and once during their first year of college. It was hypothesized that child maltreatment would predict poorer developmental outcomes in adolescence and early adulthood, but that social support would mediate this relationship. Results indicated that child maltreatment related negatively to developmental outcomes and to perceived social support; adolescent and young adult development related positively to perceived social support. In addition, a mediational model in which social support mediates child maltreatment and developmental outcomes was supported.

Willingness to Self-Disclose among Late Adolescent Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

The primary aim of this study was to compare the willingness of sexually abused (n = 22) and non–sexually abused (n = 36) late adolescent women to self-disclose both general and sexual information to strangers and intimate partners. Results, based on a sample of college women, indicate that those who were sexually abused in childhood are less likely than nonabused counterparts to be highly disclosing of sexual and general information to intimate partners. Avoiding extensive disclosure of personal information to intimate partners may serve to keep survivors of abuse at a relatively safe distance from their own dysphoric feelings and suggests that mistrust of others is an ongoing issue for this population.     

Correlates of the Co-Occurrence of Wife Abuse and Child Abuse Among a Representative Sample

The co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse is well documented (Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). J. Fam. Psychol. 12: 578–599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). Violence Against Women 5: 134–154). However, little is known about the correlates of co-occurring wife and child abuse. Analyzing data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey (subsample N = 2733), this study identified risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of parents, children, and households among subgroups of families reporting some form of abuse. Key differences emerged between the three types of homes compared (i.e., those with child abuse alone, wife abuse alone, or wife and child abuse), indicating possibly distinct etiologies and processes. In particular, the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse was marked by less education, worse health, increased reports of depression, and increased husband drug use. Findings may be useful to practitioners and researchers interested in risk factors for different forms of family violence.The total does not equal 100% because certain states report more than one form of maltreatment per child.     

海洛因慢性依赖大鼠神经元一氧化氮合成酶变化

目的 研究海洛因药物滥用致脑神经细胞一氧化氮合成酶(ncNOS)表达的变化及法医学鉴定意义。方法 采用ncNOS免疫组织化学SP法、ncNOS mRNA原位分子杂交及图像分析技术,观察大鼠海洛因慢性依赖和自然戒断大脑皮质、中脑导水管周围灰质和中脑腹侧被盖区神经细胞ncNOS的变化和ncNOSmRNA的表达。结果 实验组神经细胞ncNOS含量和ncNOS mRNA表达比对照组明显增加,阳性细胞数明显增多;自然戒断组较慢性依赖组改变更加明显(P<0.05)。结论 ncNOS在海洛因慢性依赖和戒断中起重要作用,脑神经细胞ncNOS免疫组织化学变化可作为海洛因药物滥用法医学鉴定的形态学依据。     

从滥用职权罪的罪过形式谈起——再探滥用职权罪

关于滥用职权罪的罪过形式,观点颇多,但实际上,其罪过形式只能是故意,包括直接故意和间接故意。司法实践中将本应定玩忽职守罪的过失行为,以及将虽出于故意但已构成其他更为严重犯罪的行为定为滥用职权罪的做法令人质疑。在目前情况下,应按照特别法优于普通法以及重法优于轻法的原则处理第397条滥用职权罪同其他相关条文间的法条竞合关系。另外,没有必要将滥用职权罪的主体再次恢复为“国家工作人员”,应提高和增设该罪的法定刑,将该罪和玩忽职守分列两个条文,重视对该罪未遂的惩处。