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671.
儿童及青少年遭受意外事件和暴力事伤害的现象日益突出,本文对156例2~17岁涉及诉讼的未成年人法医学鉴定案例进行回顾性研究,结果表明:3月、4月、8月、12月四个月发案率偏高,每天下午4点前后最易发生伤害案件;损伤部位以头面部最多见,损伤类型以软组织损伤最多;案发地点于儿童组以住家及其周围场所、学校或幼儿园居多,于青少年则以公共场所居多;加害人多为熟人,包括同学、邻居,青少年受陌生人攻击明显增多,儿童遭受意外事件多,受故意伤害的少,青少年组则刚好相反。同时,作者讨论时还指出,我国目前存在虐待儿童和忽视儿童的现象,以后者更为普遍,这种消极不作为的侵害未成年人权益的现象在司法实践中应引起重视。 相似文献
672.
Fiona E. Raitt 《Feminist Legal Studies》2004,12(2):233-244
In H.M. Advocate v. Grimmond
1 the judge in a Scottish High Court trial refused permission for expert psychological evidence to be admitted on behalf of
the Crown in a prosecution involving sexual offences against two children. The Crown had sought to lead an expert witness
to explain to the jury about patterns of disclosure in child sexual abuse cases. The case was remarkable, not so much for
the strict application of the longstanding rule in R. v. Turner that constrains the use in the courtroom of expert evidence from the behavioural sciences, but for the way in which the arguments
presented by the Crown in Grimmond resonate with enduring feminist critiques regarding the treatment of women in rape trials. The theoretical issues raised
by the decision include the quest for context to counter rigid evidential frameworks, and the choice of a child sexual abuse
case as the medium for challenging the boundaries of the admissibility of expert evidence in the courtroom. The ramifications
of Grimmond are tangible as legislation intended to benefit children and women has already been enacted by the Scottish Parliament to
ameliorate the effects of the decision. This article suggests that while this legislation should be given a cautious welcome
it remains to be seen whether the heralded benefits will actually materialise.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
673.
Sarah Alexander Stan Meuwese Annemieke Wolthuis 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2000,8(4):479-501
This article begins by noting the huge amount of attention that is now being paid at almost every level – international, European, national and by independent organisations and NGOs – to the growing problem of international child sexual exploitation and considers why this is the case. It then comments briefly on what we mean by international sexual exploitation, noting that different definitions are used. The main part of the article reviews developments in this field, beginning with the main international measure: the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and then goes on to review the 1996 First World Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation (the Stockholm Congress). After that some key measures subsequently adopted at international and national level, as well as by the European Union (which is increasingly taking international child sexual exploitation within its remit) are outlined. Lastly, some final thoughts are set out in the conclusion. 相似文献
674.
Michael G. Maxfield Barbara Luntz Weiler Cathy Spatz Widom 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2000,16(1):87-110
We compared measures of self-reported arrests and official arrests for 676young adults with a history of child abuse and/or neglect and 520 nonabusedand nonneglected controls matched on age, sex, race, and approximate familysocial class. Findings reveal considerable concurrent validity between thetwo sources overall. But there is also evidence of differences by gender,race/ethnicity, age at time of arrest, conviction status, and type ofoffense. Abused and neglected subjects did not appear to differ from thecontrol group in the extent of underreporting of known offenses, however,the groups did differ in the degree of positive bias—offensesnot found in arrest records. Abused/neglected subjects self-reportedproportionately more offenses not known to police compared to controls. Thisresult suggests that findings from previous studies on the relationshipbetween childhood victimization and later criminality, as measured byarrests, may have underestimated the magnitude of this relationship. 相似文献
675.
汪公文 《甘肃政法学院学报》2002,(3):42-46
合伙信用是一种法律信用 ,同时又与道德信用有着天然的联系。强制性不是作为法律信用的合伙信用与道德信用的根本区别。合伙信用是一种以权利和义务为内容的信用法律关系 ,它属于私法信用 ,并偏重于义务性。 相似文献
676.
Leslie Margolin 《Journal of family violence》1990,5(2):95-105
This study explored the social contexts in which physical abuse by baby-sitters occurred. This was accomplished through a content analysis of 98 founded case records of physical abuse committed by baby-sitters. In 70% of the case records there was evidence that sitters had a conflict with the victim prior to the abusive act. Children fighting with other children was the most common type of disturbance, followed by conflicts surrounding toilet training, children's continuous crying, disobedience, and rudeness. There was evidence that parents' explicit or implicit approval of baby-sitters' violence contributed to the child abuse in approximately one-quarter of the cases.This research was supported by a grant from the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation. 相似文献
677.
Katie Wright 《Journal of Australian Studies》2018,42(2):177-190
ABSTRACTThe damaging effects of abuse in childhood were repeatedly emphasised in public hearings and in media coverage of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. Testimony from earlier Australian inquiries, which documented widespread experiences of child maltreatment, particularly in institutions, also underscored the ongoing and often intergenerational impact of abuse. Taking institutional child abuse inquiries as a case study, this article examines how psychological and therapeutic concepts have been mobilised politically. It argues that therapeutically oriented and psychologically informed cultural narratives of childhood trauma and its ongoing effects have provided a framework for making sense of long-term experiences of adversity and suffering and have enriched attention to “the question of justice” for survivors of historical institutional child abuse. 相似文献
678.
The most serious maltreatment cases are referred to Juvenile Dependency Court. Eighty-eight court records were coded for factors related to maltreatment recidivism, including prior involvement histories, differential response, and placement changes. Seventy-two percent of caregivers had previous involvement, which correlated with family size and number of presenting concerns. When caregivers were offered voluntary services previously, 15% were completed. Children of substance-abusing caregivers were more likely to have prior involvement with the system. On average, children experienced four placement changes. Almost half of children reunified with caregivers had to be removed by the court. Recommendations and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
679.
Melissa Hackell 《Citizenship Studies》2016,20(6-7):867-882
The neoliberal direction of social policy under New Zealand’s fifth National government (2008–) is demonstrated in its 2012 White Paper for Vulnerable Children. This document advocates increased monitoring and policing of welfare populations and the downgrading of child protection policy to a technical administrative system for managing ‘risky’ families. The White Paper’s release came soon after the coroner’s report into the deaths of the ‘Kahui twins’, which were treated by the media as a shocking case of child abuse, and exemplified the media’s use of a fantasy of a ‘savage’ Maori welfare underclass in reporting cases of child abuse. Drawing on Isin’s analysis of ‘governing through neurosis’, this article explores how these media and policy discourses reinforce normative patterns of neoliberal citizen subjectivity by offering compelling pathways out of anxiety that re-route citizens’ anxiety over child abuse in support of neoliberal modes of citizen subjectivity. 相似文献
680.
Somnophilia is a rare paraphilia, a form of sexual fetishism which is characterized by the desire to have sex with an unconscious human object who is unable to respond. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case study concerning somnophilic sexual abuse associated with vaginal administration of triazolam. The perpetrator video‐recorded his sexual acts with two unconscious female victims with whom he also had normal sexual intercourse and who were unaware of his paraphilic activities. His Internet conversations with other persons whom he thought to be interested in somnophilic sex and his plans to kidnap a child were recorded by the police. It was evident that sex with an unconscious object played a specific fetishistic role for this man. He obviously used a combination of drugs mixed with alcoholic drinks to make his victims fall sleep and videotaped vaginal administration of triazolam used to deepen the victim's unconscious state. 相似文献