寻找政府规制与市场机制的结合点

无论是维护微观经济秩序还是维护宏观经济秩序,都需要发挥政府规制与市场机制的作用。政府规制与市场机制结合的作用点主要表现为政府建立界定和保护产权的法律制度、设立市场准入标准、制定和执行市场竞争和交易规则、实施稳定经济的措施、弥补市场机制不足五个方面。政府规制与市场机制结合,需要选择使市场主体行为活而不乱的平衡点。这种平衡点的选择与市场制度是否成熟、政府作用的历史传统、法制是否完备、公民的诚信和契约意识是否健全等因素有关。     

政府绩效管理：理性与反思

随着人们生活节奏的日益加快,现代政府管理发展趋势呈现出快速反应性、灵活应变性和高超技能性。为适应这种需要,以追求效率为核心价值的政府绩效管理模式应运而生。本文力图从理论和实践两个方面对政府绩效管理进行探讨,凸显公共部门的绩效理性,反思实践案例,以期对我国的政府改革有所借鉴。     

被动语态在法律英语中的应用

被动语态是英语中一个很重要的语法项目,在日常生活中使用非常广泛,而且在法律文献中被动语态也往往被大量地使用。分析法律英语中使用被动语态的一些特色,有助于法律语言学习者更好地了解被动语态,以便能写出更标准的法律英语文献。     

法律对个体犯罪行为决策的影响和控制——以财产型犯罪为例

对个体理性程度的不同认识,是期望效用理论和前景理论在个体行为决策上的重要差异。本文首先对犯罪行为理性假设在法学中的探讨加以介绍,然后以财产型犯罪为例,对期望效用理论在个体犯罪行为决策上已有的观点进行阐述。在此基础上,引入心理学中的前景理论,从编辑和评价两个阶段对个体的犯罪行为决策展开分析,进而提出应对策略。     

Rationality,Normativity and Practices: Towards a More Inclusive Concept of Reason

Gonzalez Arnal attempts to make apparent certain relationships that exist between knowledge and rationality that, in her opinion, further the traditional relation of exclusion between women and reason. She argues that by challenging these relationships we can obtain a better understanding of what reason actually is, and this will allow us to develop a concept of rationality that does not exclude women and other communities.     

关于刑罚轻缓化之正当性的理论解读

刑罚轻缓化在理论上是具有正当性的,这一点可从刑罚的威慑理论、刑罚的效益理论、刑罚的功能理论以及刑罚的人道理论四个方面进行具体解读。     

从技术理性到政治理性:政策分析的方法论转向

政策分析关注的是现实具体的政策问题,因而政策分析方法的适用与否对能否有效地解决政策问题至关重要。近半个多世纪以来,围绕着实证主义与后实证主义之争,西方政策分析经历了从技术理性到政治理性的方法论转向。这一方法论转向并不意味着政治理性已然完全否定甚至替代了技术理性。事实上,作为政策分析的两种方法论维度,技术理性关注的是公共政策的技术属性,政治理性关注的是公共政策的政治属性,它们共同构成了政策分析的必要非充分条件,它们的辩证综合也体现了公共政策科学性与民主性的统一。     

A three-year comparative longitudinal study of a school-based social work family service to reduce truancy,delinquency and school exclusions

New Labour is keen to use legislation to encourage what are seen as desirable family practices, and to discourage other, less-favoured, forms. What this means in policy terms has now been codified in its 1998 Green Paper, Supporting Families . In this paper, we examine the validity of this enterprise in terms of its underlying assumptions about social behaviour and economic decision making. We argue that the government implicitly assumes a universal model of 'rational economic man' and his close relative the 'rational legal subject', whereby people take individualistic, cost-benefit type decisions about how to maximize their own personal gain. Change the financial structure of costs and benefits, and the legal structure of rights and duties, in the appropriate way and people will modify their social behaviour in the desired direction. However, recent research suggests that people do not act like rational economic man in making decisions about their moral economy. Legislation based on this assumption might then be ineffectual and the proposals in Supporting Families seem to be one example. This is what we have labelled the 'rationality mistake'. In Part I of this work, we focus on the financial proposals in the Green Paper and on the New Deal for Lone Parents in particular. We then go on to counterpose this with the results of recent empirical work on how and why people actually do make family decisions. In Part II, to be published in the next issue, we focus on chapter four of Supporting Families , on strengthening marriage, and again compare New Labour's proposals with recent empirical work.     

New Labour’s communitarianism,supporting families and the ‘rationality mistake’: Part II

In Part I of this study, we argued that New Labour is keen to use legislation to promote what it sees as desirable family forms and to discourage other, less-favoured family practices. The codification of this approach in the 1998 Green Paper Supporting Families - and, in particular, the 'New Deal for Lone Parents' - was compared with recent empirical research on how people make decisions about their moral economies. We concluded that the government's approach is subject to a 'rationality mistake' - people do not make decisions in the way the government assumes and hence legislation can be inefficient or even oppressive. Here, we examine this contention further, this time focusing on chapter 4 of the Green Paper, indicatively entitled 'Strengthening marriage'. Using recent empirical research on mothers' views on marriage and cohabitation, we find further evidence of the 'rationality mistake', where the government has misunderstood the ways in which people make decisions about partnering and hence misplaces the role of family law. We conclude that supportive and flexible legislative frameworks are needed that recognize the varying ways in which people take moral economic decisions.     

论普京的“可控民主”治国模式

“可控民主”是俄罗斯在经历了10多年痛苦的转轨进程后确立的治国模式,它不是普京个人意志的显现,而是符合俄罗斯历史、国情、民意的现实选择。俄罗斯的政治发展道路将因“可控民主”而打上自己特殊的历史印记。目前,“可控民主”是与俄罗斯转型时期经济社会发展相适应的政治结构模式。但由于自身内在矛盾的掣肘,“可控民主”也面临着诸多的挑战。从长远看,发展民主政治是其必然趋向。