海牙《协议选择法院公约》对中国国际私法立法的启示

海牙《协议选择法院公约》作为国际范围内统一民事管辖权和外国判决的承认与执行的重要成果,建立了“排他性法院选择协议”的管辖权模式,采用了新的“国际性案件”划分标准,鼓励选择诉讼作为解决争议的方式,针对被请求国承认和执行惩罚性赔偿判决问题达成了妥协,为中国国际私法立法,特别是《民事诉讼法》的修订具有重大启示。     

Multi-level Implementation of International Law: The Role of Vertical Epistemic Communities

Subnational entities in federal states typically retain a degree of sovereignty and enjoy leeway in implementation, raising questions such as whether—and how—international law is actually implemented at the subnational level. This article sheds light on these questions, using two contrasted case studies in Switzerland: The Istanbul Convention on domestic violence and the European Union (EU) Directive 2016/680 on data protection. Based on a document analysis of the law-making process and 44 semi-structured interviews with national and subnational political actors, we observe how international obligations are legally implemented, that is, transposed into legislation at the subnational level. Our results show that: (1) Subnational civil servants play a decisive role, while members of parliament are marginal. (2) Civil servants may constitute Vertical Epistemic Communities (VECs), which are able to “technicize” the issue to ensure swift implementation through administrative venues. (3) VECs are particularly influential as they use intercantonal conferences as institutional platforms to shape implementation processes. Otherwise, implementation becomes politicized, and its success strongly depends on subnational politics.     

论法的不确定性与判例法之引进

法律自身的空缺结构、法律思维的特点、语言的局限性等多方面因素导致了法的不确定性 ,进而妨碍了秩序的形成和正义的实现。出于对秩序和正义的渴望 ,人们寻求尽量减少法的不确定性的有效方案。司法解释是我国弥补法的不确定性的传统方法 ,但是其相对于具体的个案而言仍是抽象的 ,加上语言的内在缺陷使得司法解释无法摆脱不确定性之弊端。而判例法以其自身的优越性 ,弥补了成文法之不足 ,也使得判例法在中国的引进势在必然。     

案例教学在国际法学教学中的运用

案例教学是目前我国国际法学教学中普遍提倡的教学方法。案例教学中的教在于运用具体案例对国际法的基本概念和原理进行分析和说明,为学生理解国际法理论提供感性认识背景,便于学生对有关内容的掌握;案例教学中的学在于通过案例学习理解和掌握国际法有关原理的内容,形成理性认识。案例教学不同于判例教学,它只是一种辅助方法。为使案例教学收到更好的效果,教学中应在案例的选择和准备、课堂案例讲授、课堂及课后学生分析、最后总结,以及书面作业等方面做好工作。     

关于改善公安执法环境的思考

公安执法环境是公安机关行使权力、履行职责的社会土壤,执法环境的优劣直接影响着公安机关的工作成效。我们在对一线民警的执法环境进行调研的基础上分析了影响公安执法环境的现实因素,并就如何改善公安执法环境和加强民警执法保障提出一些建议。     

论最低注册资本限额的改革

与其他国家关于公司注册资本的规定相比较,我国《公司法》对最低注册资本的要求明显偏高,这不仅造成人们对注册资本功能的误解,也对新兴企业的进入构成障碍,不利于经济的发展,建议降低最低注册资本限额,取消一次性交清的规定。     

论警察正当执法权益及其保障

近几年,公安机关的人民警察在执法过程中,经常会受到犯罪嫌疑人及不明真相群众的侮辱、谩骂甚至袭击和围攻,不仅严重侵犯了警察的正当执法权益,而且直接影响到公安机关打击犯罪、维护治安、保护人民群众生命财产安全职责的正确履行,影响到公安机关的执法形象和公安民警的家庭幸福,因此,必须采取切实可行的措施,保护警察的执法权益。     

从立法比较谈我国担保法的完善

我国《担保法》等相关立法对担保法律制度的规定 ,与世界上的通行作法相比 ,存在不够完善之处。适应我国加入WTO新形势 ,应进一步完善担保立法。连带责任保证应当遵循契约约定原则 ,赋予保证人代位权和免责请求权 ,以充分保护保证人的利益 ,最大限度地给予保证人救济 ;不动产抵押登记及其适用的登记效力原则要统一、规范 ,以维护担保物登记制度的权威性 ;建立质权的善意取得制度 ,有利于维护动产占有的公信力和充分实现质权的社会功能     

Trusting in Trust(s): TheFamily Home and Human Rights

In July 2002, the U.K. Law Commission published its Discussion Paper No.287 on home-sharing. The conclusion drawn by the Law Commission was that it would not be possible to devise a statutory scheme for the resolution of family property disputes which is both workable and flexible enough to deal with the wide range of personal relationships that exist. It further took the view that, with appropriate changes to the way in which trusts principles are currently interpreted and applied by the courts, these trusts principles are sufficiently flexible and coherent to deal with the question of ascertaining and quantifying property rights over the family home. The aim of this paper is to examine the implications of these particular conclusions drawn by the Law Commission for both the law of trusts and the resolution of family property disputes between cohabitants. In particular, the paper will consider the extent to which trusts law remains a workable and desirable option and whether any mileage may be gained by drawing on the human rights culture that is emerging in U.K. legal and political discourse. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

古罗马法和唐律有关诚信规定之比较

信用是一个国家经济繁荣与社会发展的基础,也是市场经济秩序的基本内容。当前我国正处于从计划经济向市场经济转型的阶段,迫切需要重塑社会信用。诚信原则在古罗马法和唐律中都有规定,但规定的形式不尽相同。这种规定的差别是由当时社会的政治、经济状况决定的。探究和比较古代法中的诚信规定,对完善当今的法制建设具有借鉴意义。