专利侵权诉讼中疑难问题及对策

在相关的法律、法规尚不健全的情况下,专利侵权诉讼实践中存在一系列问题。本文着重对专利侵权诉讼中“原告”资格的确定,专利侵权诉讼中证据的保全和调取,专利侵权诉讼中权利的冲突,专利侵权诉讼中的损失赔偿额确定,专利权属确权后专利权人的利益保护问题进行探讨,以求能进一步完善专利侵权诉讼,充分保护当事人的合法权益。     

The contract theory of patents

Two distinct theories of patents, the “reward theory” and the “contract theory,” are customarily adopted by the courts to justify the patent system. The reward theory maintains that the function of the patent system is to remunerate successful innovators so as to encourage R&D effort. In contrast, the contract theory holds that the function of the patent system is to promote the diffusion of innovative knowledge. Assuming that in the absence of patent protection innovators would rely on trade secrecy, it views patents as a contract between innovators and society whereby a property right is granted in exchange for disclosure.This paper develops an economic analysis of the contract theory of patents. To disentangle the disclosure from the reward motive for granting patents, we assume that the innovation process is entirely serendipitous, so that R&D effort is not a concern. Our main finding is that the disclosure motive alone suffices to justify the grant of patents. The optimal patent duration should strike a balance between the incentive to induce disclosure and the aim of limiting the monopoly distortion induced by patents.     

论“木桶理论”在专利权经济价值分析中的应用

文章给出了“木桶理论”在专利权经济价值分析中的前提假设,论述了其在决定专利权经济价值的法律价值度和影响专利权经济价值的技术价值度和经济价值度中的应用.引入“木桶理论”有助于专利权经济价值分析的进一步完善和发展.     

关于授予基因专利的伦理与立法讨论--从美国专利法授予基因专利谈起

文章通过从美国授予基因专利的实例及引发的争论着手,分析了专利法在捍卫人类伦理与推动基因研发两方面所能起到的作用,并针对当今世界的立法趋势提出了一些建议.     

Public Rewards and Innovation Policy: Lessons from the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

There has been renewed interest in recent years in using prizes and rewards to promote innovation. History has played a central role in public debates in the UK about the merits of such interventions, with the Longitude Prize 2014 being self‐consciously modelled on its eighteenth century precursor. Similarly, historical case studies have been used extensively in the scholarly literature in this area. However, it is striking that there has been little engagement with parliament's role generally in rewarding inventors in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and how this formed part of a broader system of rewards. The article explores how this system operated and demonstrates that it formed an established part of the legal landscape for many decades. It considers the extent to which a more complete understanding of the historical use of prizes and rewards during the key period of Britain's industrialisation might inform current debates.     

反专利权滥用法律规制研究

专利权人或独占实施的被许可人不正当行使其权利、不实施其专利、利用其优越地位不正当地限制交易、或采取不公正的交易方法造成他人利益或公共利益受到损害的,构成专利权滥用。我国法律、法规没有对专利权滥用行为进行界定,强制性法律规范不健全,缺乏具有操作性的救济措施,对其规制的措施尚不够有力。同时执行机构多元化,执法程序不够完善,导致执法不统一。在专利权滥用法律规制模式上,我国宜采用二元制的规制模式。     

3D打印冲击下专利间接侵权制度研究

近20多年来,3D打印技术的迅猛发展及其打印成本的不断下降,使其渐渐开始融入到人们的日常生活之中。在网络时代背景下,3D数据文件作为侵权客体的"关键部件",能够通过网络共享迅速地传播,将给现有的专利侵权制度带来一场变革。3D打印模式下专利侵权呈现出"版权化"趋势,使现有专利侵权制度中共同侵权的实用性严重"萎缩",而借鉴帮助侵权、代位侵权也并非长远之计。所以,面对专利侵权"新模式",归根结底还是专利间接侵权制度的构建问题。与此同时,借鉴美国《数字千年版权法》也是应对冲击的策略之一。     

高校专利技术商业化最新国际动态与借鉴

高校专利技术商业化对于我国转变经济发展方式,实现创新驱动发展战略具有重要意义。但是,在我国高校专利技术商业化过程中,存在一些比较突出的问题。参考国际上高校专利技术商业化的理论研究与最新实践,未来我国可从加大投入、深化分类评价改革、建立多元中介服务、出台法律保障、构建良好创业生态系统、加强人才培养等方面来加快我国高校专利技术的商业化。     

专利侵权行为犯罪化的边缘性审视

专利领域由刑法规制的犯罪目前只有假冒他人专利罪,更为常见的侵犯专利权人独占实施权的行为一直被置于民事救济和行政救济的保护下,专利侵权行为犯罪化的问题值得探讨。以犯罪圈的划定、被害人的权益保护和刑事政策的指导为视角来进行专利侵权犯罪化的边缘性审视,应限制性地设置侵犯专利罪,将情节严重的专利侵权行为纳入刑法的规制。