中小企业如何运用专利建立自己的“市场保护圈”

中小企业依据企业宗旨与发展目标、经济实力、优势资源的不同情况,选择专利投资.并依据实际情况,充分运用专利法赋予自己的权利在推出新产品之前,把涉及他人专利的问题解决好,得以合法利用;按照法定要求分析侵权问题,用足自己的权限;主动申请专利,建立中小企业自己"市场保护圈".在我国已经"入世"的情况下,中小企业如何运用专利,建立自己的"市场保护圈",在很大程度上会影响到自身的生存和发展.     

美国专利申请中非显著性要件简析

美国专利法案规定美国专利发明应满足三个要件,即非显著性、新颖性及实用性(non-obviousness,noveltyandutil-ity)。非显著性是这三个要件中的一个最重要的标准之一。本文结合美国最高法院在求证非显著性要件的一些典型案例,分析讨论美国专利法专利申请中的几个重要法律问题。     

Does strong patent protection facilitate international technology transfer? Some evidence from licensing contracts of Japanese firms

This paper examines how patent protection in a technology recipient country affects international technology transfer. A theory suggests that the effect of stronger patent protection on technology transfer is negative if the binding constraint is the imitation profitability and positive if it is the incentive for the licensor to undertake technology transfer. We evaluate these implications by examining the variations of the structure of licensing contracts across countries, based on a newly collected database of licensing contracts by Japanese firms. Our major findings are the following. First, the incidence of know-how licensing, either in the pure or in the bundled form, relative to that of pure patent licensing, declines significantly with the level of foreign patent protection. This indicates a limited role of patents for facilitating know-how licensing. Secondly, the probability and the strength of ownership control by a licensor declines with the level of patent protection, indicating a positive effect of stronger patent protection in expanding the scope of the recipients of technology transfer.

药品专利权的功能异化与修正

高投入、高风险的制药业需要依赖药品专利权激励药品创新并促进药品获得。然而,TRIPs协定下高水平的药品专利保护体系使得药品专利权发生了一系列功能异化,具体表现为减缓药品创新速度、药品获得困难以及国际社会的财富分配不公。因此,有必要反思并重构现有的药品专利国际保护制度,借鉴并创新国际社会诸如公私合作伙伴关系模式与药物研发财税金融支持机制等已有的经验与实践,从而更好地兼顾药品创新与药品持续获得。     

全球合作抗击新冠病毒蔓延的知识产权对策(上)

目前,全球正面临着新冠病毒肆虐引发的当代最大公共卫生危机的挑战。为了应对全球重大疫情,维护人类健康,保障人类福祉,各国政府、非政府机构、大学、科研院所、司法机构等近期就知识产权如何应对新冠病毒联手行动,纷纷出谋划策,制订并实施了一系列新举措,使知识产权成为抗击新冠病毒肺炎的一个有效法律工具。     

重大突发公共卫生危机下的药品专利强制许可——现实需要、伦理因应与法律安排

新型冠状病毒肺炎于2019年底在我国爆发并迅速扩散,引发了全国性的重大突发公共卫生危机。为实现特效专利药品的充分供给,实施药品专利强制许可是最为高效的选择,不仅可以消解药品专利市场运营中所固有的“反公有地”悲剧,同时也可以有效规避药品专利国际合作中技术劫持与贸易倾轧。对于以人为本的主体性原则和与人为善的有益性原则两项伦理准则的遵循,保证了药品专利强制许可实施的伦理正义;而对于药品专利强制许可申请主体扩展和药品专利强制许可补偿标准细化两项法律完善举措的采取,则使我国药品专利强制许可机制克服了自身缺陷,能够在实践中有序运行,为重大突发公共卫生危机的化解提供制度支撑。     

论基因的专利法律保护

对基因技术予以专利法律保护是必要而且急需的。世界各国对于如何设定基因保护的专利制度以及保护的程度、范围始终存有争议,但国际公约和各国的国内立法却在积极、稳妥、不间断地探索和发展着。我国正采取法律手段,不断强化基国知识产权的自我保护。     

The governance of the European patent system: effective and legitimate?

Abstract

This article argues that effectiveness and legitimacy are two inseparable issues for the success of economic governance systems. Moving beyond the conventional market failure and state failure approaches, the article develops the notion of network governance success, a notion that looks at the formal and informal dimensions of interactions in economic systems. This is further developed into an analytical framework which is then used in the assessment of the structural features of the current European patent system, one of the most advanced, complex, and contested economic systems in Europe. The conclusions elaborate on the normative implications regarding the current weaknesses of the European patent system, and examine the general theoretical implications of the findings, particularly looking at the effectiveness and legitimacy of technically complex governance systems.     

新技术对专利实质条件制度的影响及其评价

专利实质条件为发明创造获取专利保护的准入条件。受新技术的影响 ,专利实质条件趋向宽松 ,可专利保护主题范围不断扩大。考虑到我国目前的技术发展水平 ,在知识产权国际条约的框架内 ,我国应对新技术领域内的专利申请 ,严格各项专利实质条件的标准 ,防止专利保护门槛的降低 ,并积极参加有关国际条约的制订 ,维护发展中国家的利益