短串联重复基因座突变率的分析研究

分析亲子鉴定案例进行中的STR基因座的突变率。采用chelex 100快速抽提DNA,DNA扩增,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染色法,参照标准品进行DNA分型。在300例已确定亲生关系的案例中,有11例出现STR基因座变异,其中D11S554基因座6例,D19S253基因座2例,SE33、D12S391、D13S631基因座各1例。结果提示:用STR基因座进行亲子鉴定,必须考虑STR基因座突变因素。     

Current state and progress of research on forensic biomechanics in China

Forensic biomechanics gradually has become a significant component of forensic science. Forensic biomechanics is evidence-based science that applies biomechanical principles and methods to forensic practice, which has constituted one of the most potential research areas. In this review, we introduce how finite element techniques can be used to simulate forensic cases, how injury criteria and injury scales can be used to describe injury severity, and how tests of postmortem human subjects and dummy can be used to provide essential validation data. This review also describes research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.

Key points

• The review shows the main research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.
• The review introduces eight cases about the application of forensic biomechanics, including the multiple rigid body reconstruction, the finite element applications, study of mechanical properties, traffic crash reconstruction based on multiple techniques and analysis of morphomechanical mechanism about blood dispersal.
• Though forensic biomechanics has a great advantage for the evaluation of injury mechanisms, it still has some uncertainties owing to the uniqueness of the human anatomy, the complexity of biological materials, and the uncertainty of injury-causing circumstances.

     

溺死相关浮游生物基因座的复合扩增体系

目的构建溺死相关浮游生物基因座的复合扩增体系,验证体系特异性并评估其在法医溺死诊断中的应用价值。方法针对溺死相关浮游生物同源基因序列,设计特异性引物,并用FAM、HEX、TAMRA、ROX、SIZ荧光染料分组标记,构建复合扩增体系;进行体系特异性验证;以16例实验猪样本评估体系检验效能;复合扩增体系、硅藻形态学MD-VF-Auto SEM检测法及硅藻rbc L基因PCR-CE检测法分别检测28例案件样本,比较分析应用效果。结果该复合扩增体系共包含14个基因座,可特异性扩增35种浮游藻类和3种浮游细菌,人、3种人体共生菌及8种浮游细菌均为阴性。以该体系检测溺死实验猪,阳性率为90%,非溺死实验猪均未检出;检测溺死案件样本,阳性率为96%,非溺死案件均未检出。复合扩增体系与MD-VF-Auto SEM法检测案件尸体肺、肝和肾的阳性率均不具有统计学差异(P>0.05),但其与硅藻rbcL基因PCR-CE法检测案件肝和肾的阳性率均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论本文针对多种溺死相关浮游生物14个基因建立的复合扩增体系,具备多种靶物种的特异性遗传标记,且所需检材量小,提高了检测效能,在法医溺死鉴定中具有良好的应用前景。     

ISFG: Recommendations on biostatistics in paternity testing

The Paternity Testing Commission (PTC) of the International Society for Forensic Genetics has taken up the task of establishing the biostatistical recommendations in accordance with the ISO 17025 standards and a previous set of ISFG recommendations specific to the genetic investigations in paternity cases. In the initial set, the PTC recommended that biostatistical evaluations of paternity are based on a likelihood ratio principle – yielding the paternity index, PI. Here, we have made five supplementary biostatistical recommendations. The first recommendation clarifies and defines basic concepts of genetic hypotheses and calculation concerns needed to produce valid PIs. The second and third recommendations address issues associated with population genetics (allele probabilities, Y-chromosome markers, mtDNA, and population substructuring) and special circumstances (deficiency/reconstruction and immigration cases), respectively. The fourth recommendation considers strategies regarding genetic evidence against paternity. The fifth recommendation covers necessary documentation, reporting details and assumptions underlying calculations. The PTC strongly suggests that these recommendations should be adopted by all laboratories involved in paternity testing as the basis for their biostatistical analysis.     

布氏锥虫伊氏亚种体外药敏试验

应用布氏锥虫伊氏亚种(Trypanosoma brucei evansi,T.b.e)体外药敏试验系统检查了国内6个T.b.e虫株和国外布氏锥虫指名亚种(T.b.b)对苏拉灭(Suramin)、贝尼尔(Berenil)、安锥赛(Antrycide)、咪唑苯脲(Imidocard)和硫胂聚氰胺(Cymelarsan)等5种抗锥虫药的敏感性。结果表明,该系统能准确测定不同虫株对各种药物的敏感性,与小鼠治疗试验结果基本相符,发现了国内抗贝尼尔和苏拉灭的T.b.e虫株。     

创新视角下的苏南模式

苏南模式是政府主导不断进行制度创新的经济发展模式。当前的苏南模式是以吸引外资为导向的工业化道路,FDI对GDP有强烈的推动作用,但在没有考虑本土创新能力前提对FDI的作用是否会高估,FDI对于创新主体——本地企业又会产生什么样的影响。本文通过面板数据模型给出了实证研究。     

基于浏览器/服务器结构的《计算机应用》网络无纸化考试和管理系统

基于浏览器 /服务器结构的《计算机应用》网络无纸化考试和管理系统是运用先进的管理思想和方法 ,进行规模考试的考试系统。该系统采用在线考试模式的设计思想 ,具有易于维修和运行稳定可靠的特点 ,实现了考试管理的创新     

氧乐氰菊的毒理试验

目的研究氧乐氰菊的毒理作用.方法复制小白鼠、家兔氧乐氰菊中毒模型,测定小白鼠经口LD50、腹腔注射致死剂量和死亡时间,观察家兔中毒表现及病理改变.结果小白鼠经口LD50为36.64mg/kg.腹腔注射致死量为10mg/kg,腹腔注射后出现中毒时间为1min,出现死亡时间为4.5min,家兔中毒后出现系列的有机磷酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类农药中毒的病理改变.结论研究结果对指导氧乐氰菊中毒的法医病理检验及毒物分析具有实用意义.     

The Standardized Field Sobriety Tests: A Review of Scientific and Legal Issues

This article details the history and development of the National Highway and Safety Administration's Standardized Field Sobriety Tests. They are reviewed in terms of relevant scientific, psychometric, and legal issues. It is concluded that the research that supports their use is limited, important confounding variables have not been thoroughly studied, reliability is mediocre, and that their developers and prosecution-oriented publications have oversold the tests. Further, case law since their development has severed the tests from their validation data, so that they are not admissible on the criterion for which they were validated (blood alcohol concentration), and admissible for a criterion for which they were not (mental, physical, or driving impairment). Directions for further research are presented.     

Development of a simple and non-destructive examination for counterfeit coins using acoustic characteristics

The true incidence of anaphylactic latex reactions and their associated morbidity and mortality remain poorly defined. It is noteworthy that a number of groups of individuals are at risk for anaphylactic reactions to latex during surgical and medical procedures; one of these groups is represented by the obstetric and gynaecologic population. A case of unrecognized first anaphylactic reaction to latex in a pregnant woman patient who underwent a caesarean section is presented. The diagnosis of latex allergy was missed and the following day the woman underwent a surgical re-exploration complicated by fatal cardiovascular arrest. At post-mortem examination, pulmonary mast cells in the bronchial walls and capillary septa were identified and a great number of degranulating mast cells with tryptase-positive material outside the cells was documented. A post-mortem latex-specific IgE test showed a high titre (14.00 U/I). Latex-induced fatal anaphylactic shock was recorded as the cause of death. This case highlights some of the practical difficulties in the initial diagnosis and subsequent investigation of fatal anaphylactic reaction during anaesthesia. Anaphylaxis is often misdiagnosed because many other pathologic conditions may present identical clinical manifestations, so anaphylactic shock must be differentiated from other causes of circulatory collapse. Although latex allergy usually has a delayed onset after the start of the surgery and most often a slow onset too, it should be always suspected if circulatory collapse and respiratory failure occur during surgery, even if the patient does not belong to a risk group; in the presence of identified risk factors for latex allergy a well-founded suspicion must be stronger, leading to an immediate discontinuation of the potential trigger.