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131.
中国已经成为世界第一旅游消费大国,庞大的出国人群原本可以成为公共外交的使者和国家形象的代言人,遗憾的是,此起彼伏的中国游客不文明行为,不仅引起目的地居民的反感,而且降低了中国政府公共外交的可信度,使国家形象受损。在全民外交时代,应加强对游客形象问题的研究,探究其对公共外交的影响程度,充分发挥个体在公共外交中的积极作用。 相似文献
132.
JEAN MARIE MCGLOIN 《犯罪学》2009,47(2):439-477
An impressive number of inquiries across an array of methodological specifications has demonstrated that deviant peers are an important correlate of various criminological outcomes, which include within‐ individual change and stability in offending behavior. Still, the causal mechanisms of peer influence arguably remain underdeveloped (Giordano, 2003; Warr, 2002). In an attempt to expand the dialogue on the nature of peer influence, this inquiry proposes that scholars would benefit from considering relative peer deviance in addition to exposure to deviant peers. Specifically, it argues that an imbalance in delinquency between friends helps to explain delinquency change/stability; therefore, exposure to deviant peers is not always risky and exposure to less deviant peers is not always protective. The analysis uses the Add Health data to construct within‐individual and across‐individual (delinquency) difference scores and relies on self‐reports rather than on perceptions for the best friends' delinquency. The results provide support for the premise that adolescents attempt to achieve delinquency “balance” with their best friend by changing behavior, net of raw peer deviance levels (i.e., objective exposure). The findings also suggest that balance is not achieved through selection, given that the deviance gap between the respondent and his or her best friend does not predict friendship stability. The discussion considers these results from a theoretical and empirical perspective and offers several avenues for future research. 相似文献
133.
Most prison systems use quantitative instruments to classify and assign inmates to prison security levels commensurate to
their level of risk. Bench and Allen (The Prison Journal 83(4):367-382, 2003) offer evidence that the assignment to higher security prisons produces elevated levels of misconduct independent of the
individual’s propensity to commit misconduct. Chen and Shapiro (American Law and Economics Review, 2007) demonstrate that assignment to higher security level among inmates with the same classification scores increases post-release
recidivism. Underlying both of these claims is the idea that the prison social environment is criminogenic. In this paper
we examine the theoretical premises for this claim and present data from the only experiment that has been conducted that
randomly assigns inmates to prison security levels and evaluates both prison misconduct and post-release recidivism. The experiment’s
results show that inmates with a level III security classification who were randomly assigned to a security level III prison
in the California prison system had a hazard rate of returning to prison that was 31% higher than that of their randomly selected
counterparts who were assigned to a level I prison. Thus, the offenders’ classification assignments at admission determined
their likelihood of returning to prison. There were no differences in the institutional serious misconduct rates of these
same prisoners. These results are contradictory to a specific deterrence prediction and more consistent with peer influence
and environmental strain theories. These results also raise important policy implications that challenge the way correctional
administrators will have to think about the costs and benefits of separating inmates into homogeneous pools based on classification
scores.
Gerald G. Gaes is a criminal justice consultant and Visiting Faculty at Florida State University in the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the USA. He was a Visiting Scientist for the National Institute of Justice, where he was senior advisor on criminal justice research, funded by that agency. He was also Director of Research for the Federal Bureau of Prisons and retired from government service in 2002. His current research interests include prison sexual victimization, spatial data analysis of crime, cost benefit analysis of inmate programs, the impact of prison security assignment on post-release outcomes, prison privatization, evaluation methodology, inmate gangs, simulating criminal justice processes, prison crowding, prison violence, electronic monitoring of community supervision cases, and the effectiveness of prison program interventions on post-release outcomes. Scott D. Camp is a Senior Social Science Analyst at the Federal Bureau of Prisons in the USA. He joined the office in 1992 after completing his Ph.D. in Sociology at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. Much of his current research focuses on performance measurement and program evaluations. He also publishes on prison privatization, diversity issues, and inmate misconduct. 相似文献
Scott D. CampEmail: |
Gerald G. Gaes is a criminal justice consultant and Visiting Faculty at Florida State University in the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the USA. He was a Visiting Scientist for the National Institute of Justice, where he was senior advisor on criminal justice research, funded by that agency. He was also Director of Research for the Federal Bureau of Prisons and retired from government service in 2002. His current research interests include prison sexual victimization, spatial data analysis of crime, cost benefit analysis of inmate programs, the impact of prison security assignment on post-release outcomes, prison privatization, evaluation methodology, inmate gangs, simulating criminal justice processes, prison crowding, prison violence, electronic monitoring of community supervision cases, and the effectiveness of prison program interventions on post-release outcomes. Scott D. Camp is a Senior Social Science Analyst at the Federal Bureau of Prisons in the USA. He joined the office in 1992 after completing his Ph.D. in Sociology at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. Much of his current research focuses on performance measurement and program evaluations. He also publishes on prison privatization, diversity issues, and inmate misconduct. 相似文献
134.
Anne van Hoof Quinten A. W. Raaijmakers Yolanda van Beek William W. HaleIII Liesbeth Aleva 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(7):772-782
This study investigated a multi-mediation model of the relationship between bullying behavior, peer victimization, personal
identity, and family characteristics to adolescent depressive symptoms in 194 high school students, 12–18 years of age. In
the first model, peer victimization mediated the relation between bullying behavior and depressive symptoms. In the second
model, personal identity mediated the relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. In the final model, the
two mediation models were combined. The relative influence of family characteristics on all variables in the two mediation
models was studied using structural equation modeling. The results supported both mediation models and confirmed the influence
of family characteristics on all variables in the mediation models. This study indicates that victimization by one’s peers
has consequences for adolescents’ psychological health when their personal identity is affected. In addition, the study was
able to model several processes in which family characteristics were related to adolescent depressive symptoms. Moreover,
the final combined model (in which the two mediation models and the influence of family characteristics on all variables were
confirmed) explained half of the variance in adolescent depressive symptoms.
相似文献
Liesbeth AlevaEmail: |
135.
Same-sex Versus Other-sex Best Friendship in Early Adolescence: Longitudinal Predictors of Antisocial Behavior Throughout Adolescence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examines the relationship between having other-sex versus same-sex best friends and antisocial behavior throughout
early adolescence. Participants (N = 955) were recruited in 6th grade and followed longitudinally through 7th, 8th, and 11th grades. Participants were 58% ethnically
diverse youth and 48% girls. Results indicate that the frequency of other-sex best friendship remained stable from 6th to
7th grade but significantly increased from 8th to 11th grade. Higher rates of concurrent antisocial behavior were related
to having other-sex best friends in 6th grade but not in 7th grade. In 8th grade, there was an interaction between friendship
and the sex of friends. Boys with only same-sex best friends and girls with other-sex best friends endorsed higher rates of
antisocial behavior. Having other-sex best friends predicted antisocial behavior from 6th to 7th grade and 8th to 11th grade,
especially for girls. Implications for the development of early adolescent friendship and antisocial behavior are discussed.
相似文献
Elizabeth A. Stormshak (Corresponding author)Email: |
136.
角色扮演型网络游戏对青少年参与者的负面影响及规范建议 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
当前,网络交往风行。在众多的网络交往媒体中,网络游戏这种新生的网络交往方式正吸引着越来越多的人参与其中。网络游戏根据其运作方式及其内容的设定可以划分为不同类型,这其中规模最大、影响也最广泛的当属角色扮演型游戏。角色扮演型网络游戏的互动性特点具有强粘合力,对网络游戏的玩家具有非常强的吸引力。角色扮演型网络游戏的主要对象是青少年群体,因此探讨当前角色扮演型网络游戏对青少年参与者社会化的负面影响,具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
137.
张远 《南京政治学院学报》2001,17(1):44-47
经济全球化趋势增强是 2 0世纪 90年代出现的世界经济新态。冷战结束是这一趋势增强的大前提 ;市场经济体制、信息技术发展和跨国公司的膨胀是其形成的基本动因 ;地区经济圈和经济竞争中的科技优势则构成了其基本特点。经济全球化既给中国经济提供了发展机遇 ,也带来了严峻挑战 ,中国应积极面对和参与经济全球化进程。 相似文献
138.
Paolo Sosa-Villagarcia Lucila Rozas Urrunaga 《Bulletin of Latin American research》2021,40(5):634-649
The adoption of SOGI policies depends on the strategies activists choose to support or oppose them. Nevertheless, the conditions that explain why some strategies are prioritised over others are not evident. In Peru, the 2013 debate over civil unions prompted a strategic shift in which the conservative wing started to benefit from intensive street mobilisation strategies. Why did this change occur? We argue that a deeply divided electoral competition and the decay of the Catholic Church's moral authority favoured this outcome. This article analyses the trajectory of these strategies over time to identify the conditions that contributed to the shift. 相似文献
139.
王焕培 《河北省社会主义学院学报》2002,(3):58-60
入世对我国私营企业的发展利多弊少,分析总结一下,利有三个方面,弊有两个方面。如何抓住机遇应对挑战,本文提出五个对策。 相似文献
140.
林喜庆 《中共云南省委党校学报》2005,6(1):86-88
网络时代的国家安全表现出新的特点,网络恐怖主义、网络犯罪和网络病毒、网络信息战、网络信息霸权构成了国家安全在政治、经济、军事和文化领域的新威胁.为了应对新的挑战和威胁,就必须采取对策,构建信息网络时代的国家安全屏障. 相似文献