Naqshbandi Sufis and their conception of place,time and fear on the Turkish-Syrian border and borderland

The employment of diverse forms of security and control on territorial borders have led to the production of numerous events of border crossings, smuggling, banditry and death along with stories of separation, loss, mourning, pain, and yearning in the everyday life of border people. The Naqshbandi Khaznavi order has an expansive interpersonal social network across the political borders of Turkish and Syrian nation-states. This work analyzes the ways in which Sufis dealt with diverse aspects of the Turkish-Syrian border by unbinding shackles and orders of political system that were fabricated constantly from the 1920s to the early 1980s. The life stories and narratives of the Sufis document the existence of a religious-cultural landscape, diversifying the perception of place, time and fear which have transcended political borders for decades, contradicting official cartographic imagination and the modern-secular understanding of place and time. Besides, in addition to analyses of religious orders as social, economic and political entities, this work aims to elucidate emotional aspects of relations and faith that coexist between Sufis and their Sheikh in the context of spatial distance, political border and fear of death.     

Differentiation: old controversies,new insights

There is a long-standing debate about the nature, impact and significance of processes of differentiation in driving agricultural development. This contribution discusses three ways in which such processes have been conceptualized: modernization theories that put markets centre stage, Marxist theories that focus on class, and Chayanovian approaches that highlight the dynamics within farming families. The empirical evidence for testing these concepts is normally derived from agricultural censuses. This paper uses a different database that covers all Dutch farms between 1980 and 2006 and enables us to follow the changes on individual farms. Examination of this data reveals that the actual processes of differentiation that have occurred in this 25-year period differ greatly from the classic conceptualizations. It also challenges the conventional wisdom that agricultural development is mostly driven by larger farms.     

Street Ball,Swim Team and the Sour Cream Machine: A Cluster Analysis of Out of School Time Participation Portfolios

Adolescents spend only a fraction of their waking hours in school and what they do with the rest of their time varies dramatically. Despite this, research on out-of-school time has largely focused on structured programming. The authors analyzed data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002) to examine the out-of-school time activity portfolios of 6,338 high school sophomores, accounting for time spent in school clubs and sports as well as 17 other activities. The analytical sample was balanced with respect to sex and racially and ethnically diverse: 49% female, 67% White, 10% Latino, 10% African American, and 6% Asian and Pacific Islander. Approximately 76% of the sample attended public schools, 30% were in the highest socioeconomic quartile, and 20% were in the lowest socioeconomic quartile. The authors identified five distinct out-of-school time activity portfolios based on a cluster analysis. The demographic profiles of students by portfolio type differed significantly with respect to sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, school type and location. Students by portfolio type also differed significantly in terms of measures of academic success, school behavior, victimization and perceptions of school climate, controlling for covariates. These findings underscore the importance of more complex considerations of adolescents’ out-of-school time.

Power Politics or Public Pandering? An Empirical Investigation of Economic Sanctions and Presidential Approval

How do economic sanctions affect presidential approval? Competing claims have been made about the domestic political consequences of economic sanctions. One claim is that sanctions are unpopular because they have negative economic consequences; another claim is that sanctions are popular because they project an image of strength; and another claim is that sanctions are neither popular nor unpopular because the public is uninformed about international affairs. These arguments imply competing identification restrictions. I test these competing models using a Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregression (B-SVAR) model. The results show that sanctions have a moderate negative effect on presidential approval. I use these findings as a basis for a broader set of auxiliary analyses. Despite received wisdom, sanctions imposed for different reasons against different target states do not produce disparate effects on public opinion. These analyses resolve an important empirical dilemma that weighs on a range of theoretical perspectives in the sanctions literature and highlights fruitful avenues for future research.     

The Dynamics of the Demobilization of the Protest Campaign in Assam

This study highlights the role that critical events play in the demobilization of protest campaigns. Social movement scholars suggest that protest campaigns demobilize as a consequence of polarization within the campaign or the cooptation of the campaign leaders. I offer critical events as an alternative causal mechanism and argue that protest campaigns in ethnically divided societies are particularly combustible, as they have the potential to trigger unintended or unorchestrated communal violence. When such violence occurs, elite strategies change, mass support declines, and the campaign demobilizes. An empirical investigation of the dynamics of the demobilization phase of the anti-foreigner protest campaign in Assam, India, between 1979 and 1985 confirms this argument. A single group analysis is conducted to compare the dynamics of the campaign before and after the communal violence by using time series event data collected from The Indian Express, a national newspaper. The study has wider implications for the literature on collective action, as it illuminates the dynamic and complex nature of protest campaigns.     

中日两国新警任职教育比较研究

在比较中日两国新警任职教育的定位、目标和内容等的基础上,提出了新警的任职教育过程应是一个"从不会到会"的过程;在教学内容基本相同的条件下,新警任职教育改革创新的着力点必然集中向教官、教法、教材(专用)和教具(设备设施)等方面;建议参考日本"新警返校复训制度";建议借鉴日本新警任职教育中每天"仪式"的做法,把现在的升国旗仪式与入警宣誓仪式合二为一,变成每天必行的一个"固定式"等个人观点。     

民生新闻节目的本土化特色——浅析安徽经视《第一时间》和《帮女郎帮你忙》节目

民生新闻的涵义是指从平民视角出发,关注平民百姓日常生活及其生存状态的新闻。民生新闻的意义在于开创了中国电视节目"本土化"的实践。安徽经视的《第一时间》、《帮女郎帮你忙》这两档节目,以服务群众为宗旨,走向基层贴近百姓,关注民生,加强与百姓互动,不断推出群众喜闻乐见的新闻,大力弘扬地域先进文化,折射出民众评判真善美与假恶丑的标准,是最具安徽本土化特色的电视节目。     

论举证时限的裁量空间

举证时限制度设置的目的应为确立与法定顺序主义相适应的双阶型审判流程。证据适时提出主义赋予了法官过大的裁量权,与设置我国举证时限制度的目的相去甚远。我国民事审判流程的革新本身是想朝着双阶型审判流程而去,却深受民法法系国家证据随时提出主义的影响,淡化了驱动双阶型审判流程的法定顺序主义,最终陷入裁量陷阱。《举证时限通知》的进步在于对法官在举证时限制度运行中过度裁量权的限缩。举证时限制度的合目的运行不仅需要程序技术的进步,更需要程序伦理的支撑与推动。《举证时限通知》的进步仅仅是程序技术方面的进步。     

不同季节死亡后脏器中内皮素含量的变化

目的探讨不同季节动物死亡后不同时间脏器中内皮素含量的变化。方法在不同季节处死动物,分别于死亡后1h、3h、6h、12h、18h、24h、36h和72h称取甲状腺、心脏、肌肉、肾脏,采用放射免疫的方法测定内皮素含量。结果内皮素在不同脏器中含量不同,在甲状腺、心脏、肌肉、肾脏中含量依次为：肾脏〉甲状腺〉心脏〉肌肉;同一脏器中内皮素在不同季节含量变化不同,依次为：夏〉秋〉春〉冬;内皮素含量变化与动物死亡后时间具有明显的时效关系,其含量随死亡后时间的延长而降低,且呈现一定的趋势。结论不同季节动物死亡后脏器中内皮素含量随死亡后不同时间而变化。     

腰椎间盘突出的自身免疫反应及其法医学意义

损伤时间推定与伤、病鉴别,一直是法医学领域研究的重要课题。腰椎间盘突出是一种以人的生理退行性变为基础的改变,为了寻找准确推断其发生时间的方法,本文综述了腰椎间盘突出后机体细胞免疫、体液免疫反应与损伤时间的关系。认为进一步研究突出髓核组织局部与外周循环中IgG、IgM表达的特征性变化,有望成为推定损伤时间的方法之一。