Identifying Unit-Dependency and Time-Specificity in Longitudinal Analysis: A Graphical Methodology

Longitudinal analysis in criminology and other social sciences has become an important research tool because it allows us to draw conclusions from observing how multiple units change over time. Unfortunately, its results are more vulnerable to potential influences of unusual observational units or periods of time. Current leverage diagnostics are designed for cross-sectional analysis and are fallible when applied to longitudinal models. This article introduces a graphical diagnostic methodology to systematically examine the sensitivity of longitudinal results to extreme observational units and periods of time—unit-dependency and time-specificity. Further the article illustrates its use with an example testing policy effects on black and white female victimization of intimate partner homicide. Results are displayed in an easily understood graph that provides a snapshot of the results' time-specific patterns and robustness to unit-dependency. Currently, comparable tests for panel analysis are tedious and cumbersome. With this new illuminating methodology, researchers and policy-makers can easily decide whether a time-specific or unit-dependent pattern is consequential.     

The multidimensionality of crime: A comparison of techniques for scaling delinquent careers

The construction of typologies of criminal behavior can benefit from the use of multidimensional analytic methods. Yet while some studies have applied such techniques to crime data (e.g., Shortet al, 1963; Nutch and Bloombaum, 1968; Chaiken and Chaiken, 1982), few have examined the assumptions of these methods as they apply to arrest histories. We argue that arrest histories represent a special form of data that are not ideally suited to standard multidimensional analyses. An examination of the different theoretical assumptions of factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and variance centroid scaling (a form of correspondence analysis) reveals marked difierences in what is being uncovered by the analysis. In general, these claims are supported by an application of each technique to the arrest histories of 767 chronic juvenile delinquents.     

法律/制度经济分析的一般理论

本文以马克思主义为指导 ,从中国的实际出发 ,综合当代经济分析法学的最新成果以及现代社会法学、历史法学和当代新制度经济学、新经济史学的相关成果 ,比较系统地论述法律 /制度经济分析的一般理论。这个理论包括法律 /制度体系 (结构 /功能 )的静态分析和法律 /制度变迁 (演进过程 )的动态分析。     

中国法医学会物证专业委员会法医DNA分析的若干建议

中国法医学会法医物证学专业委员会与国际法医遗传学会中文专委会于2006年10月在成都召开学术会议。我们的讨论强调有必要将国际法医遗传学会的信息及时传递到中国。因此,按照国际法医遗传学会的指南,我们推荐混合斑分析,法医DNA数据库及新遗传标记选择标准供同行参考。     

保安处分立法论评析

诸多保安处分理论的赞同者在保安处分的立法论问题上存在一元论、二元论和折衷论的争执。从实质上说,诸种保安处分立法论是围绕保安处分与刑罚的关系来立论和展开的。要寻求适合我国国情的保安处分立法论,必须对这些理论予以梳理和评析     

Smallest-space analysis vs. the method of principal components: Another look at Ahamad's analysis of crimes

This paper presents a reanalysis of the Ahamad case study of 18 types of offenses. The suggested method is a nonmetric multidimensional scaling type called smallest-space analysis (SSA-I) which uncovers findings that were not expressed explicitly by the principal-components method used by Ahamad.     

吸毒案件中的尿吗啡检测

目的　研究吸毒人员停止使用毒品海洛因后 ,尿吗啡含量自然递减的一般规律。方法　对确证的 1 82名吸毒 (海洛因 )人员在停止使用毒品后连续 9天采集尿样 ,用放射免疫分析法检测尿吗啡含量。结果　 1 82名吸毒 (海洛因 )人员在停止吸毒后第 8天 ,尿吗啡平均含量降至 30ng/ml。 结论　在办案中 ,吸毒 (海洛因 )人员的尿样检测 ,建议最好在末次使用海洛因 8天之内     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型gB基因的原核表达及产物的抗原性分析

采用PCR方法,以牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型基因组DNA为模板扩增gB基因,克隆至pGEM-T载体。将以克隆质粒pGEM-T-gB为模板扩增的gBⅠ、gBⅡ和gBⅢ基因片段分别连接至原核表达载体pET32a。获得的重组质粒分别转化感受态细胞BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下表达。经SDS-PAGE鉴定,gBⅠ、gBⅡ和gBⅢ基因片段在大肠埃希氏菌BL21(DE3)中以融合蛋白形式获得了表达。以磁化组氨酸蛋白纯化系统对融合蛋白纯化后,Western-blotting和ELISA分析结果表明,这些融合蛋白均与BHV-1标准阳性血清反应,可作为抗原用于牛传染性鼻气管炎ELISA检测方法的建立。     

破碎胫骨的性别判别分析研究

本文对135例(男69,女66)国人成年胫骨进行了12项测量。统计检验表明所有项目都具有非常显著的性别差异。按照判定破碎胫骨性别的需要,采用逐步判别分析和Fisher方法建立了17项判定破碎胫骨性别的判别函数。判别率为79.3～84.4％。本研究表明胫骨上端宽、下端宽和滋养孔处骨干周长具有最重要的性别鉴定价值,其单项判别率为79.3％～80.2％。     

中国治安行政五十年法的分析与概括

从法的角度分析中国治安行政五十年的历程,可以概括为巩固政权、强化专政、依法管理;以专政职能为主导,禁控方式为主体,逐步走近法治;以服务为主导要求,保障为重要职责,法律为基本规范;任务繁重多样,法律规范不断完善,法治理念不断强化的治安行政等四个不同的时期。