La ñata contra el vidrio: urban violence and democratic governability in Argentina

The article argues that the increase in crime and urban violence in Argentina, especially in Buenos Aires, can be explained as an outcome of the interaction of four factors: the new social relations established by neoliberalism; the incapacity of the state to resolve the social conflicts which have arisen from these new social relations; the failure to democratise the security forces; and the exclusion of a sector of society from the rights of effective democratic citizenship. The increase in crime and urban violence is, thus, analysed as a problem of governability.     

The quantification of fingerprint quality using a relative contrast index

Research into fingermark enhancement techniques has traditionally used visual comparisons and qualitative methods to assess their effectiveness based on the quality of the developed fingermark. However, with increasing research into the optimisation of these techniques the need for a quantitative evaluative method has arisen. Parameters for acceptable fingerprint quality are not well defined and generally encompass clear, sharp edges and high levels of contrast between the fingermark ridges and background material. Using these current parameters, a conclusive measurement of fingerprint quality and thus the effectiveness of development techniques cannot be achieved.This study presents a model through which an aspect of fingerprint quality can be objectively and impartially measured based on a relative contrast index, constructed through measuring the reflective intensity of the fingermark ridges against the background material. Using a fibre-optic spectrophotometer attached to a microscope with axial illumination, the intensity counts of the ridge detail and background material were measured and a logarithmic contrast index constructed. The microscope and spectrophotometer parameters were experimentally tested using a standard colour resolution chart with known reflective properties. The protocol was successfully applied to four sample groups: black inked fingerprints on white paper; latent fingermarks on white paper developed separately with ninhydrin and physical developer; and fingermarks in blood deposited on white tiles and enhanced with amido black. The contrast indices obtained quantitatively reflect the level of contrast and provide an indication of fingerprint quality through a numerical representation rather than previous qualitative methods. It has been suggested that the proposed method of fingerprint quantification may be viable for application in the forensic research arena as it allows the definitive measurement of contrast to aid the evaluation of fingermark detection and enhancement techniques.     

警体教官素质与学生训练兴趣初探

警察院校是培养警察的摇篮，警察体育课是警察院校重要课程之一，加强警察院校大学生的自我锻炼意识不仅对学生身体非常重要，而且对今后的执法过程也具有非常重要的意义。本文根据当前警察院校大学生警体素质不高、自我锻炼意识不够强的现状，通过警体教官的基本素质对学生的影响，就如何激发学生对警察体育课的兴趣，培养学生良好的学习动机、增强锻炼意识、充分发挥学生自身的主观能动性、提高警体素质方面谈谈自己的看法。     

社会变迁中的“暴动操作—暴动解除”刍议——读《新秩序下的混乱:从印尼暴动看华人的政治社会关系》有感

本文利用台湾杨聪荣博士的著作<新秩序下的混乱:从印尼暴动看华人的政治社会关系>, 分析有关暴动发生的过程,发现其中存在着统治精英和社会上的抗争力量从不同方面利用华人问题, 进行 "暴动操作",以之为政治斗争的一种特殊手段;并相应地寻找理论与实践模式来做 "暴动解除" 的设计,根据一定的方案来加以防患,减少其祸害的程度."暴动操作-暴动解除"可以当作一种客观存在的事物来加以调查研究;值此全球化区域协作、以人为本和人权主义的时代, 印度尼西亚华人可以利用境内外、国内外的社会网络, 对印度尼西亚国内少数极端主义分子的行动加以暴露, 挫败其"暴动操作";特别是, 可以利用中国和东盟的交流合作体系等平台, 参与印度尼西亚的社会发展、国家建设.这一切既敏感又复杂的活动,如能达到理想效果,则是以非政治化、非意识型态化、非族群体化的原则, 用公共行政、公共管理的方式进行操作的一种公共事务.     

The Family Court–Based Stepping Stones Model of Triage: Some Concerns About Safety,Process, and Objectives*

This article critically evaluates the recommendation that family court–based mandatory mediation incorporated in a tiered service delivery model be replaced by a mandatory screening process incorporated in a stepping stones triage model in which couples are matched with an appropriate conflict resolution proceeding. My conclusion is that implementation of this recommendation should be made contingent upon the willingness of its advocates to address concerns with the safety, process, and objectives as described herein.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Domestic violence screening should be incorporated in the larger triadic process of screening–risk assessment–risk management.
• A Safety First Rule should be followed in screening couples into or out of conflict resolution proceedings.
• Screening decisions must be grounded in an empirically validated method of matching couples with appropriate conflict resolution proceedings.
• Causal mechanisms must be included as items in any risk assessment instrument used in family courts.

     

Descrambling data on solid-state disks by reverse-engineering the firmware

Data recovery is an important component of digital forensic research. Although recovering data from hard drives or small-scale mobile devices has been well studied, solid-state disks (SSDs) have a very different internal architecture and some additional functions, and it is not clear whether these differences will have an effect on data recovery. Data scrambling is an additional function of an SSD controller which can improve data reliability, but makes data recovery difficult. In this research, the dedicated flash software was first introduced that can acquire the physical image of an SSD without destroying the device hardware. Based on the software, a validation experiment was presented to evaluate the effect of data scrambling on data recovery and the causes of the effect were analyzed. Then two approaches to descrambling the data in the flash chips were proposed and their advantages and disadvantages discussed. After that, a procedure to identify the scrambling seeds that are used to descramble the scrambled data was described. Finally, descrambling software was implemented based on the second descrambling method. The experiment shows that this software can successfully descramble the data from an SSD flash drive regardless of the internal structure of the scrambler in the SSD controller and can generate an unscrambled physical image on which most existing data-recovery techniques can be effective.     

Human (In)Security and Democracy in Central America

Human security has increasingly shifted attention to the individual, while the state has become guarantor (or violator) of security given its role in governing the domestic environment. This article examines how variations in regime forms influence security, pointing to the importance of political security in the wider human security framework. To illustrate, the article examines the nature of political security in Central America, a region with weakly democratized states and histories of political violence. The findings suggest a link between democracy and human security that is mediated by state capacity and the ability to control non-state violence against individuals.     

正确对待高校的体育教学和课余训练

体育教学与课余训练是全体与个体、普及与提高、面向全体与发展特长的关系 ,在高校体育工作中都必须加以重视 ,不能只重视某一个方面而疏忽另一个方面。在教学过程中 ,要协调好两者的关系 ,实现以教学带动训练 ,以训练促进教学的良性循环 ,全面完成学校的体育工作。