Harsh Discipline and Child Problem Behaviors: The Roles of Positive Parenting and Gender

This study examined harsh verbal and physical discipline and child problem behaviors in a community sample of 2,582 parents and their fifth and sixth grade children. Participants were recruited from pediatric practices, and both parents and children completed questionnaire packets. The findings indicated that boys received more harsh verbal and physical discipline than girls, with fathers utilizing more harsh physical discipline with boys than did mothers. Both types of harsh discipline were associated with child behavior problems uniquely after positive parenting was taken into account. Child gender did not moderate the findings, but one dimension of positive parenting (i.e., parental warmth) served to buffer children from the detrimental influences of harsh physical discipline. The implications of the findings for intervention programs are discussed. This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.     

Childhood Behavior and Adult Criminality: Cluster Analysis in a Prospective Study of African Americans

Adult criminality has important roots in childhood. While many studies have established that multiple problem behaviors in childhood increase the likelihood of future crime and deviance, the current study extends this “established” relationship by asking three questions: (1) Do different combinations of childhood behavioral risk factors affect adult offending? (2) Do family risk factors affect adult offending above and beyond these combinations of risks?, and (3) Are there gender differences present with respect to these two questions? Gender-specific cluster analyses identified seven clusters of childhood behavioral patterns based on teacher ratings measured in first grade among an epidemiologically-defined cohort of African Americans. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship of cluster membership, family risks, and criminal arrests through age 32 for serious violent and property crimes. While some gender differences emerged, both males and females in the multiple problem cluster were more likely to have later arrests for serious crime. Females who were frequently punished as first graders were most likely to have later arrests for serious crimes, while males who were from mother-only families were at higher risk of having serious criminal arrests compared to those from mother–father families. Implications for prevention and intervention strategies are also discussed.     

Establishing a Relationship Between Behavior and Cognition: Violence Against Women and Children within the Family

The goal of our study is to determine whether a person’s cognitions regarding violence against women and violence against children within the family are associated with recourse to violent behavior toward them; and (2) the extent to which an adult who has a narrow conception of violence against women also has a narrow conception of, tolerant attitudes toward, and biased attributions with regard to violence toward children. Thirty men and 32 women took part in the study. Generally speaking, respondents more easily recognized physical aggression than psychological aggression, rated it more severely, and used it more often against their children than their spouses. Further, cognitions regarding violence against women and of parental violence against children appear to be strongly associated. Our results also suggest that the conception of violence toward women is associated with violence toward children.     

青少年犯罪的生物学解析与治理简

人的犯罪是综合因素作用的结果。但是,在综合因素中生物性因素与社会性因素对青少年和成年人犯罪所起的作用是不同的,前者对青少年犯罪所起的作用更大,后者对成年人犯罪所起的作用更大。这主要是因为青少年的犯罪是成长中的犯罪。青少年正处在由生物人向社会人的急剧变化时期,这一时期,上述两种因素交替变化是青少年生理发育的一种自然表现。基因遗传和突变特性以及激素旺盛分泌对情绪、情感、行为的影响强烈程度都大于成年人,所以,他们的犯罪往往带有生物性因素作用的本能色彩。对青少年犯罪的防治,不应忽视这些具有不良作用的因素。     

试论抢劫罪与强奸罪客观行为的异同

抢劫罪和强奸罪作为暴力型传统犯罪,两罪虽然侵犯的客体不同,但其客观行为在罪状描述上均为采用暴力、胁迫以及其他方法。虽然两罪的罪状描述相同,但所涵括的具体客观行为方式仍存在差别。分析两罪的本质,可以将两罪客观行为分解为压制被害人反抗的行为与侵害主要法益的行为。单纯从文理解释角度入手难以对压制被害人的行为加以明析,结合相关司法解释和法理进行体系解释,对两罪在这三种类型压制被害人反抗行为的异同进行分析。     

“网络舆论审判”中的符号暴力及其风险治理北大核心SSCI

“网络舆论审判”作为国家机器缺场下的网络互动行为,在法理、司法程序、舆论传播等研究方向引起了学界广泛关注,但该现象身后潜藏的社会性生产机制尚待进一步探究。符号暴力的“动力/工具机制”用来剖析“网络舆论审判”体现了很好的恰适性:一方面,传统道德规范在维序社会结构稳定、编织社会成员行动逻辑的同时,同样可能在网络议题中以符号暴力的形式,指导民众在自我规训下投入“网络舆论审判”的建构与再生产;另一方面,凭托于网络社会之扁平化、脱域性等空间特性,“网络舆论审判”可能在信息技术的符号化实践中流变为僭越法理、消解权威的失范行为展演。针对“网络舆论审判”于政治制度、空间秩序以及社会心态等领域所展现的风险特征,亟须将其纳入国家社会治理体系进行多维度的制度规范引导与文化矫正干预。     

2 855例暴力性伤害案特征研究

目的了解我国暴力性伤害损伤特征. 方法调查四川省8个市县1990～1997年公安局登记在案且经过法医学鉴定的所有暴力性伤害案件2 855 例,并进行统计分析. 结果伤者及侵害者均以青年男性为主, 20～39岁多见.文化程度在伤者以中专及中学多见,侵害者则以小学文化水平为主.致伤方式最常见的为钝器伤,其中拳打、脚踢最为多见(57.2%).损伤部位以头面部最为多见(37.3%).损伤类型多为挫裂创及刺、砍、切创(40.3%).损伤程度以轻伤多见(42.4%). 结论[ HT 根据暴力性伤害特征制定相应预防措施,对我国社会治安的稳定具有重要意义.     

论医学模式与人类健康观

世界医学发展历经三大模式：弥散医学模式，生物医学模式，社会－心理－生物医学模式；人类健康观也由个体健康到身心健康的转变。在社会－心理－生物医学模式中，中医学博大精的内涵愈被世界医学重视。