公共经济法:经济法的本质解释——兼与李曙光《经济法词义解释与理论研究的重心》一文商榷

就研究方法之一的词义解释方法距离揭示经济法本质甚远且存在着方法论上的局限。将经济法描述为“与经济相关的法律”并不能洞穿经济法的本质。在经济法研究中,将国家与市场视为主客体关系的思维范式与单向度的管制思维均需抑制,“立体型”与“交互式”才是国家与市场关系的真实反映,管制不能统领经济法的全部方法与机制。经济法是调整公共经济关系之法,其有别于调整私人经济关系的市民法。经济法的本质是公共经济法,但公共既可能是一种福利,也可能是一种危险,对公共的规制是经济法的主要任务。     

An Economic Analysis of a Swedish Environmental Liability Case

A High Court case illustrates Swedish legal reasoning. The case extends the use of strict liability, although the main liability rule is negligence. The aim of the paper is to show the usefulness of the economic analysis in a practical case. The case concerns liability for damages caused by a leaky, hot-water pipe. The defendant maintained that it should not be held liable because it had not acted negligently, and the district court and the court of appeals supported the defence. Nevertheless, the High Court decided on strict liability. The High Court used a line of argumentation that, partly and implicitly, may have been economically correct. However, the precedence was most limited and unclear. Given an explicit goal of economic efficiency, the precedence would, in this simple and straightforward case, be that strict liability should prevail where the cause is unilateral and the injurer is able to cover and/or insure the loss.     

行政许可、认证与标准化管理

标准化管理是政府管理市场的方法之一 ,通过规范产品、服务的质量、环保性、某些通用要求等 ,保障个人安全和公共安全。在行政执法行为中 ,应当以保护个人安全、公共安全为目标 ,将相关标准纳入许可、认证、监管的内容 ,体现理性、人本化管理的精神。在其他行政领域 ,在行政管理的方法、程序中 ,适用标准化管理可以进一步推动政府行政的科学化、法治化     

POLICE DISRESPECT TOWARD THE PUBLIC: AN ENCOUNTER‐BASED ANALYSIS*

We use observations of police encounters with 3,130 suspects in Indianapolis and St. Petersburg to estimate three influences on police disrespect: how suspects behave, their personal characteristics, and the location of the encounter. Logistic regression models show that suspects' behaviors were the most powerful predictors, but the suspect's sex, age, income, and degree of neighborhood disadvantage were also significant. Minority suspects experienced disrespect less often than whites (statistically significant in the hierarchical analysis controlling for degree of neighborhood disadvantage). These effects are concentrated in St. Petersburg, where the chief had made the suppression of police abuses a visible priority. The findings offer partial confirmation of Donald Black's theory of law.     

国际海洋法法庭释放渔船的司法实践及其对我国的启示

联合国海洋法法庭自成立以来审理的案件中有很大部分都涉及渔船立即释放的纠纷,本文在具体考量法庭审理的有关这方面的案件后,认为法庭的司法实践体现了“从速审判”的特点,加剧了国际法主体多元化的进程,并在此基础上对我国的相关国内法提出了修改的建议。     

论海洋法中的剩余权利

《联合国海洋法公约》的许多规则和原则已经成为习惯国际法,为世界各国所遵守。但是,该公约在扩大沿海国的管辖权和缩小公海自由的调整过程中留下了余地和空间,也就是海洋法中的剩余权利问题。尤其是在专属经济区这一新的区域内,沿海国的主权权利和专属管辖权与公海自由及其他国家的权利划分不是十分确定。如,剩余捕鱼权,"自由权利"的行使与"适当顾及"的关系,"用于和平目的"和军事用途等解释问题,都已引起多方的关注。这些问题值得我们认真研究和探讨,以期维护国家海洋权益,促进海洋法的发展。     

试论高素质警察的测评和培养

公安工作的发展需要高素质的警察。高素质的警察由三个方面的要素构成:卓越的能力、健康的心理和优秀的品质。提高警察素质的动力来自于竞争和忧患,提高警察素质的途径是终身职业教育和跨学科、跨部门教育。     

对制定《出入境边防检查法》的几点思考

当前,《出入境边防检查条例》已不能完全适应依法治国方略和新形势下边检工作要求,亟待上台一部《出入境边防检查法》。《边检法》应全面规范边防检查工作,并对边防检查机关的法律地位、执法权限、担负的任务及体制等问题以法律的形式予以明确规定。     

民警个性特征与心理压力关系探源

基层公安民警长期超负荷工作,使他们的心理压力越来越大。另一方面,民警自身个性特征方面的欠缺也是造成其心理压力的重要原因。