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31.
Hong Xue 《The Journal of World Intellectual Property》2006,9(1):1-24
This paper explores how the present international intellectual property law can be applied to resolve the new conflicts arising from the internationalized domain name system (DNS), in which non‐Latin characters are permissible for direct use in domain names. It also analyzes the two approaches to address this issue: one approach that territorializes the rights and disputes on the borderless Internet, and another that universalizes the rights on the global medium. By presenting a comprehensive study with respect to the relevant international intellectual property law and practices, this paper attempts to research whether a balanced solution to the conflict between the legal system and the technical system could be sought out through maintaining the principle of territoriality of intellectual property protection, and it also examines the alternative procedure built in the DNS for the resolution of intellectual property controversies, namely the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy, and assesses whether the alternative procedure that actually supersedes the principle of territoriality is consistent with the existing international intellectual property law and interoperable with the internationalized DNS. 相似文献
32.
Claire Dupuy 《Regional & Federal Studies》2014,24(4):451-471
Regionalization processes across Western Europe have triggered analyses of regional policy divergence. Yet, in a number of cases, regional governments appear to have deliberately strived to achieve policy conformity. Previous research tends to emphasize exogenous explanations of regional policy convergence. In contrast, this paper addresses the issue of regional policy convergence by focusing on endogenous explanatory factors. Its objective is to carry out an investigation of when, how, and with what effect a ‘desire for conformity’ arises, and contends that regional governments may actively cultivate policy similarity as a strategy to develop or secure their policy capacity. Specifically, the paper argues that the adoption of this strategy is contingent upon two requirements that may or may not be met, and that its outcome is the convergence on targeted dimensions of regional policies. The two requirements are: (i) a countrywide public preference for policy uniformity in the policy area of concern, and (ii) the presence of a threat posed to regional policy capacity by various political entrepreneurs, including the central state, who blame regions for providing divergent policies on particular dimensions. This paper is based on the comparison of two case studies where regional governments deliberately pursued policy conformity on targeted dimensions of their education policy: school-building policy in France and curricula policy in Germany. The two case studies also present dissimilar features that make it possible to investigate the effects of institutional setting and policy distribution on the adoption and operation of the active-cultivation-of-policy-similarity strategy. 相似文献
33.
Highly flexible in nature, “contingent coordination” may be an ideal response mechanism for many of today's increasingly complex problems. However, the existing literature lacks a conceptual discussion regarding factors that contribute to its success or failure, as well as an empirical application of the theory. When the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling unit exploded in April 2010, it resulted in the largest response effort in American history, involving personnel representing numerous organizations stretching from the southern coast of Louisiana through the panhandle of Florida. This article explores five underlying themes of contingent coordination, and applies those themes to the Deepwater Horizon incident response. We find that contingent coordination holds promise as a means to address transient, complex problems. 相似文献
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AbstractPrompted by the rise of the emerging economies and the growing importance of the G20, the OECD has formally announced its intention of establishing itself as a key actor in global policy coordination. As part of this ambition, it has embarked on cultivating closer relations with five G20 countries it designated as key partners through the so-called “Enhanced Engagement” programme: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. This article mobilizes concepts from the policy transfer literature to explain why the OECD’s attempts to increasingly involve all five countries in its policy have fallen short of its original ambitions, and also why the transfer of its policy work has been uneven across policy and country issue. 相似文献
36.
Tapio Lappi-Seppälä 《Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention》2013,14(1):27-40
At the beginning of the 1950s, the prisoner rate in Finland was four times higher than in the other Nordic countries and among the highest in Europe. However, the steady decrease that started soon after the Second World War has continued, and in the beginning of the 1990s Finland reached the Nordic level. The paper discusses some backgound factors behind this ''success story''. In addition, the paper examines the relation of prisoner rates and recorded crime. A comparison between the Nordic countries reveals that the major crime trends have been practically similar despite striking differpractices ences in the use of imprisonment. As concluded in the paper, the decrease in the prison population is one of the major victories of Finnish crime policy. 相似文献
37.
Abstract This paper considers the issues involved in the use of manuals to guide the treatment of sexual offenders. I identify problems in the use of manuals, particularly their failure to encourage satisfactorily the implementation of therapeutic skills, the restrictions they place upon the therapist's ability to address the responsivity principle, the limits to which manuals can accommodate changes as a result of new evidence and the suppression of innovation. I offer suggestions for an alternative set of strategies to ensure the integrity of treatment delivery while at the same time overcoming the problems associated with manualization. 相似文献
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39.
《国际相互影响》2012,38(4):617-637
ABSTRACTA diverse group of over 30 countries located all over the world—such as the UK, Colombia, and Ghana—introduced inflation targeting, which is a monetary policy that seeks to control inflation through a pre-announced target. Fully institutionalized democracies adopted the policy first because the core features of inflation targeting are consistent with the principles of a liberal democracy. But why was inflation targeting also introduced by less-democratic countries? This article develops the argument that decision makers of less-democratic countries became more likely to adopt inflation targeting when they observed that nearby countries increased the flexibility of the policy. The statistical analysis of data from 76 countries between 1989 and 2013 supports this hypothesis. The finding that the change of a policy toward a more flexible framework drives its global spread addresses a blind spot in the more recent policy diffusion literature. 相似文献
40.
Public opinion matters in environmental policy making. This study examines how individuals form opinions on three distinct environmental topics—climate change, the importance of environmental protection relative to job creation, and wilderness protection. Previous research focusing on environmental concern has yielded conflicting or inconclusive results. We argue that how citizens form attitudes within the environmental domain varies across environmental dimensions and that high information costs cause citizens to engage in heuristic processing to form their opinions. We empirically test our hypothesis by analyzing original data collected from the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. We find that with more complex issues, citizens rely on familiar shortcuts such as party identification, ideology, and the media. With less complex issues, demographic factors are predictors of attitudes, lending support to arguments that citizens use familiar shortcuts when processing political and policy information. Related Articles Ripberger, Rabovsky, and Herron. 2011. “Public Opinion and Nuclear Zero: A Domestic Constraint on Ditching the Bomb.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00327.x/abstract Elliott‐Teague. 2011. “Public Interests and the Development of Tanzanian Environmental Policy.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00318.x/abstract La opinión publica importa al hacer políticas ambientales. Este estudio examina cómo los individuos forman opiniones sobre tres temas ambientales distintos—cambio climático, la importancia del cuidado ambiental respecto a la creación de empleos, y la protección de la vida salvaje. Investigaciones pasadas enfocadas en el cuidado ambiental han producido resultados contradictorios o inconclusos. Nosotros argumentamos que la forma en la que los ciudadanos forman posturas dentro del ámbito ambiental varía a través de las distintas dimensiones ambientales y que altos costos de información causa que los ciudadanos usen reglas heurísticas para procesar la información y formar su opinión. Ponemos a prueba nuestra hipótesis analizando información obtenida del 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. Encontramos que para temas más complejos los ciudadanos se basan en medios familiares como identificación partidaria, ideología y medios de comunicación. Para temas menos complejos, los factores demográficos pueden predecir las posturas, dando soporte a argumentos que sostienen que los ciudadanos usan atajos familiares para procesar información política y sobre políticas públicas. 相似文献