Citizenship: a perverse confluence

This article discusses the different meanings that citizenship has assumed in Latin America in the past few decades. Its main argument is that, in the perverse confluence between neo-liberal and democratic participatory projects, the common reference to citizenship, used by different political actors, projects an apparent homogeneity, obscuring differences and diluting the conflict between those projects.     

IMMIGRATION POLICY,BORDER SECURITY,AND MIGRANT DEATHS: AN IMPACT EVALUATION OF LIFE‐SAVING EFFORTS UNDER THE BORDER SAFETY INITIATIVE*

Subsequent to U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) efforts to control illegal immigration throughout the 1990s, concern arose over an apparent increase in deaths of illegal migrants as they began to undertake more treacherous routes to enter the United States from Mexico. In response, the Border Safety Initiative (BSI) was created to increase safety along the southwest border. Using multiple data sources, including the USBP BSI Incident Tracking System, this study evaluated the impact of life‐saving efforts performed under the BSI program. Results indicate that there has been no overall reduction in the rate of migrant deaths since BSI has been in operation. However, an evaluation of BORSTAR search and rescue teams and the 2003 Lateral Repatriation Program (LRP), which returned apprehended migrants from Tucson sector to less hazardous places along the border, were found to be effective in preventing migrant deaths. Policy Implications: Critics of U.S. immigration policy claim that the only way reductions in migrant deaths along the U.S.‐Mexico border can be achieved is through liberalization of immigration policy and relaxing of border security. Yet, for more than a decade, U.S. policy makers have increased restrictions on immigration and have tightened security at the borders. Considering this, alternative means must be deployed in order to save migrant lives in the near term rather than waiting for a reversal of immigration policy. This study suggests that proactive life‐saving measures implemented through a harm‐reduction strategy can have some impact on saving migrant lives.     

论“全国统一战线之模范”战动总会的典范意义

成立抗日民族统一战线组织第二战区民族革命战争战地总动员委员会,是中共中央为推动全国抗日民族统一战线的早日建立和巩固而实施的一项重大决策,也是配合八路军挺进山西,立足华北敌后,实践党的全面抗战路线的一项重大决策。战动总会在组织形式和抗日斗争中,都充分体现了党关于建立抗日民族统一战线的科学思想,并成为当时全国统一战线的一个典范。     

论经济全球化条件下发展中国家的竞争政策

经济全球化条件下发展中国家的竞争政策既需要加强竞争法规制 ,维护竞争秩序 ,又需要通过竞争法豁免政策实现发展的目标。内容相互冲突的豁免和规制的并存 ,可能导致竞争政策的失效。为此 ,这种冲突必须得到适当的协调和控制。一方面 ,发展中国家在国际竞争政策的制定和发展过程中必须强调豁免政策的发展功能 ,拓展使用豁免政策的空间 ;另一方面 ,要加强对国际和国内限制竞争行为进行规制 ,并对豁免政策的使用施加适当的限制 ,避免滥用。     

中国政策科学的理论困境及其本土化出路

十多年来,我国政策科学在现实政策问题的推动下显得异常的活跃,但由于理论和方法主要是照搬其他学科和西方的体系,缺乏学科自身理论的建树和创新,这种理论上的困境导致学科整体发展缓慢,使政策科学学科长期停留在较低的水平。从讨论中国政策科学发展的基本情况和特点入手,分析政策科学在中国发展所面临的问题和困境的根源,试图从社会科学本土化的角度探讨中国公共政策科学追求自身完善,摆脱学科发展困境的某些理论和方法的问题。     

新思想库与奥巴马政府的亚洲政策决策——以新美国安全研究中心为例

在美国对外政策决策体系中,思想库在政策理念创新、人才储备、打造政策辩论平台以及教育和引导公众等方面具有非凡的作用。新近兴起的新美国安全研究中心对奥巴马政府的对外政策影响巨大。该中心的亚洲政策研究强调务实的态度,注重美国对亚洲事务的重新"参与",倡导强化和升级美国在亚洲的联盟关系,推动美国积极介入地区多边制度,其政策建议通过"旋转门制度"等对当前美国的亚洲政策决策产生了深刻影响。     

CCP ELITE PERCEPTION OF THE US SINCE THE EARLY 1990S: WANG HUNING AND ZHENG BIJIAN AS TEST CASES

This article juxtaposes two of the most influential yet under-studied America watchers within the top echelon of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Wang Huning and Zheng Bijian. To be sure, the two have indelibly shaped CCP attitudes, yet surprisingly enough, although Zheng has been written about extensively in the English language, Wang has hitherto largely remained outside academics’ purview. This article also aims, in passing, to explore linkages between Wang and Zheng ideas and those of other well- known America watchers like Liu Mingfu and Yan Xuetong. The comparison offers clues as to the extent to which the current advisory shaping CCP thinking on the US differs from the previous generation, and as to whether CCP thinking is un-American or anti-American in essence. The conclusions ties the study together by arguing, based on Wang and Zheng's views, that New Confucianism may shape Chinese society in the future     

老挝禁毒政策的历史演变

老挝在长达200余年的毒品种植历史上,其禁毒政策亦随着政治、经济因素的变动而经历了缺失时期、初步制定与忽视时期、重视与完善时期三个不同历史时期的演变,而经济因素始终左右着老挝禁毒政策的制定与实行。     

在经验与规范之间:试验立法及其类型化——一种立法进路的提倡

立法理想与法律运行实践间背离的中国境遇,以文本法律不完全是"能用之法",且立法承诺在执法中不能全部兑现之困局为现实表征。以进化论理性主义的哲学立场和无知论的知识假设为理论支撑,采取反复试错、吸纳建议、对话商谈等自发性工具,将实践证明可行的执法经验提炼与抽象,进而升华为普遍性规则的试验立法进路,是修正建构论唯理主义立法进路并撬动当前格局的一个支点。试验立法进路以"采纳—辐射"这个简式架构为运作逻辑。目前的试验立法主要有尝试探索型试验立法、落实测试型试验立法与示范效仿型试验立法三种模式。试验立法的实践性意味着多数立法活动将建立在证据或实证研究的基础上,也将具有方法论的意义,有望成为我国立法方法法定化的发展方向。     

试论汉语在泰国语言政策中的地位变迁

汉语是泰国的一门重要外语,在泰国经历了自由发展、被限制打压和当前的迅速发展几个不同阶段。本文旨在梳理不同历史时期汉语在泰国语言政策中不同地位的基础上,指出汉语在泰国语言政策中的地位变化与中泰关系的亲疏程度、汉语工具价值的高低、泰国华人国家认同的变化等因素有密切联系。