“国策会社”日清公司论析（1907-1939）

日清公司(日清汽船株式会社)是二战前日本在华航运企业的重要代表.在其32年的企业经营中,一直受到日本政府的"补助金"资助,是日本航运界担负着其政府"国策使命"的"国策会社".通过对日清公司的兴办及运营状况及其对长江流域社会经济产生深刻影响的考察和分析,可以揭示其侵略本质,反映日本战前对华航运业的投资不单纯是一种经济行为,而是日本对华侵略的重要决策之一.因此,日清公司实质上就是日本对华经济侵略的一个重要工具.     

俄对华政策的变化及中国策略应对

回顾十几年来的中俄关系,可以说,两国关系发展虽有波动,但总体而言,是不断向前的.在经历了短暂的低迷徘徊期后,中俄关系很快进入了快速发展期.如今,两国关系已渐趋稳定,走向成熟.基于中俄两国均处于经济腾飞的特殊发展时期,两国在经济方面的发展竞争将会日趋激烈.今后,在两国关系的发展道路上不会一帆风顺,必然会有磕绊.我们应理性地看待中俄战略协作伙伴关系,既应重视这种战略关系,又不能过于倚重.     

The Road to Brussels: Austria's Integration Policy, 1955-72

If one analyzes Austrian integration policy, a range of repeating elements becomes visible. Starting with the 1950s, continued efforts to intensify economic and trade relations with the Common Market can be witnessed. This occurred in the form of step by step cooperation with European institutions. Since 1955 Austria's integration policy had been accompanied by the maintenance of and focus on 'permanent neutrality'. Among the EFTA states, Austria was the country the EEC sympathized with most, for it was important with regard to foreign and trade policy in the context of the East-West conflict. Austria was of central geostrategic significance. With regard to Russia's attitude, Austria succeeded in underlining its 'special case'. Austria's policy of going it alone failed in 1967 for several reasons, not only because of Italy's veto. There were also French reservations and Russian objections. Bridging the gap to Brussels revealed wishful thinking that was only to become true in 1972. An arrangement of bilateral tariff and trade treaties with different EFTA states and the EEC and ECSC came into force.     

全球化视域下中国政策转移的反思与建构

随着全球化进程逐步深入,政策议程已经越来越多地受到跨国经验的影响.各种团体、国际组织以及各类政策制定者越来越多地"转移"国际经验到本国的政治、经济与社会中,而处于这一进程中的我国政策制定必将更加不可避免地受到这一趋势的影响.因此,如何适应这一新形势的要求,研究政策转移的特点及规律,特别是探索一个符合中国国情的政策转移体系,以对当下我国政策过程实践有所启发和帮助,是我们亟待解决的新课题.文章以全球化为背景,通过对我国政策转移的回顾与反思,针对影响我国政策转移的主要障碍及其症结,尝试建构当前我国政策转移的框架体系及保障机制,以供我国政策转移实践之参考.     

税收、财政支出政策与宏观经济运行的内在影响机制——基于中国不同省份的面板数据分析

财政政策对经济运行的影响是宏观经济研究的核心问题.但相关文献都侧重于财政支出、税收等对宏观经济的单方面影响.本文构建了基于财政支出、税收的内生经济增长模型.从模型推导可知,在给定税收、财政支出政策的变化路径时,税率与经济增长存在"倒-U"型关系,政府投资性支出与经济增长之间正相关,社会福利不仅与政府支出规模有关,还受到其支出结构的影响.实证检验显示,在我国经济运行中,总产出、消费、投资、政府支出、税率、利息率、工资水平之间存在长期均衡关系,且存在最优宏观税率,政府投资性支出对经济增长率存在正向影响,但对社会福利的影响存在不确定性,且在不同经济区域上存在较大差异性.这说明财政支出、收入政策的稳定性,差异性的区域税收制度安排和政府支出结构,有利于不同区域经济发展.     

析我省刑事附带民事执法从宽执行新规定

2007年6月,云南省高级法院、省检察院、省公安厅、省司法厅联合出台的《关于在刑事执法活动中贯彻宽严相济刑事司法政策的实施意见》规定:法院在审理刑事附带民事案件时,被告人行为危害不大,只要积极赔偿被害人,取得被害人谅解的,法院在量刑方面从轻考虑。这一规定,有利于解决法院"执行难"的问题,有利于化解被告人与被害人双方之间的矛盾,起到了法律效果和社会效果的统一。     

Policy Narratives across Two Languages: A Comparative Study using the Narrative Policy Framework

The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) focuses on the role of narratives, drawing from a rich scholarship in narrative, language, and culture. Despite the understanding that narratives are constructions of language and that narrative construction differs across languages, NPF studies have not focused on policy narratives in languages other than English. Language characteristics of narratives are important to assess the stability of policy narratives when there are multiple dominant languages in a political system. This study investigates the use of narrative elements in policy narratives in agricultural biotechnology policy in India across Hindi and English media coverage to examine the NPF assumption that narratives have generalizable narrative elements irrespective of variation in linguistic context and, specifically, tests the transportability of narrative elements. Findings validate the transportability of narrative elements in Hindi narratives, indicate variation in the use of narrative elements over time, and have implications for applying NPF across languages.     

Policy and Non-Policy Barriers to Trade and Implicit Taxation of Exports in Uganda

Uganda has made significant progress in reducing policy-induced anti-export bias in its trade policy in the 1990s. Taxes on exports have been abolished, and import protection has been reduced considerably. Such trade barriers are only a component of thee transaction costs associated with trade. Poor infrastructure, notably by increasing transport costs, and institutional inefficiencies can significantly increase trade costs. The effective protection of imports, and implicit tax on exports, due to transport costs is calculated and compared to effective protection due to trade policy barriers for Uganda. The results reveal that transport costs are often very high, in many cases representing a greater cost (tax) to exporters than trade policy.     

论乾隆南巡对江南形象传播之影响——以南巡相关绘画与仿建为中心

在历代帝王巡游中,清代乾隆皇帝的六次南巡最为世瞩目,其频率之高、规模之大、影响之重及后世传闻之广,堪称旷古未有.南巡期间,乾隆命画师相随,将江南名园、景致摹绘成图,大量仿建于北方御苑行宫.这种历史上最大规模的“移植”效法行为,为皇家园林体系注入了新的生机,成就了清中期皇家园林的空前鼎盛.同时,它更促进了江南形象的塑造与传播.这种移植仿制行为,是出于“视听享受”还是为“吏治民生”？对此,皇帝本人也在不断地寻求冠冕堂皇的悖论诠释.     

从门户开放政策看美属菲律宾政府的鸦片政策

1898年占领菲律宾后,美国即对菲律宾群岛的鸦片问题采取限制乃至最终禁止的政策,这与美国在19世纪中期以来积极参与亚洲鸦片贸易的态度大相径庭,这种反差令人深思,但如果从美国推行的“门户开放”政策的角度去理解,则一切都在情理之中。