Population Size, Change, and Crime in U.S. Cities

The sometimes noted contradiction between cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships concerning city population size and crime rates is reexamined using more complex analytic procedures, controlling for extraneous variables, and allowing for non-monotonic relationships. Instead of a simple cross-sectional relationship between population size and crime rates, the more sophisticated analysis reveals either no association or a quadratic relationship. Similarly, instead of a simple lack of longitudinal relationship or a negative one, the more complicated analysis shows a non-monotonic pattern for three of six offenses. However, we contend that these divergent patterns for cross-sectional relative to longitudinal data are not necessarily indicative of an “anomaly.” Instead, they represent different aspects of a dynamic process in need of more extensive theorizing. Finally, the cross-sectional results showing that city size and crime rates are either not linked or when linked are in a non-monotonic pattern call into question one of the accepted relationships in criminology that have long guided thinking about crime.

中国北方汉族人群HLA-DQα基因型及其等位基因频率的分布

应用PCR和等位基因特异性寡该苷酸（ASO）探针杂交技术对中国北方汉族人群的HLA－DQα基因进行分型。在246例无关个体中观察到4种等位基因组成的10种基因型。等位基因频率分布在10．0～31．9％之间。基因型的分布符合Hardy－Weinberg定律。DP值为0．8669。对6个家系49个个体的调查表明，HLA－DQα基因按孟德尔方式遗传。不同人群HLA－DQα的DP值比较，中国人群高于其它人群。     

流动人口预防和控制艾滋病问题研究

人口流动与艾滋病病毒传播因素相结合,导致艾滋病病毒加速传播。流动人口的素质偏低,医疗卫生条件不良,以及不良行为习惯,加之对流动人口管理的法律法规滞后,实际管理和监测存在缺陷等,使他们对艾滋病存在缺乏正确了解,预防措施不足等问题,为此,要正确认识流动人口中的艾滋病问题,加强立法,强化公安机关和相关部门对流动人口的管理干预等职能,落实对流动人口的有效管理和关怀治疗,从根本上解决防“艾”的瓶颈制约。     

加快养老服务机构社会化进程

人口老龄化是人类社会进步的必然趋势,人口老龄化必然要求养老问题社会化,推动老年产业的发展。由于我国老龄化进程过快,政府必须及早做出应对,积极引导社会养老机构和老年产业健康有序的发展。     

人口老龄化与老年人力资源开发研究——以扬州市老年人力资源为例

随着社会经济的发展,我国人口老龄化日益严重。人口老龄化对经济、政治、文化等方面都产生了重要的影响。本文认为开发老年人力资源是促进社会和谐、保障人力资源有效供给的有效手段,文章通过对我国当前老龄化数据分析,将扬州市的老年人口作为具体的研究对象,阐述我国老年人力资源开发的背景及现状,对现有养老模式进行分析,从而提出一种创新型的养老模式即"一院两制"的养老院,设计了一套针对这个养老院的管理信息系统,以实现我国老年人力资源的合理开发与有效利用。     

上海流动人口服务和管理的探讨

流动人口服务与管理已经成为当前社会关注的热点。上海流动人口服务和管理虽然取得了一定成效,但在来沪人员管理的地方性法规、社区服务平台、基本社会保障等方面还存在不足。为此,必须通过转变来沪人员服务与管理的思路和理念、加强权益保障、完善治安管理等方面来促进上海流动人口的服务与管理工作。     

Y chromosome STR haplotypes of Tibetan Living Tibet Lassa

Allele frequencies and haplotypes of the 17 Y-chromosome STRs loci, namely DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 (YGATA C4), and YGATA H4 were determined in a sample of 131 healthy unrelated males from the Lassa area of Tibet Autonomy Region of China (SW China). In 131 samples 106 different haplotypes were encountered, of which 105 were observed only once. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9998. The results demonstrate that these loci will be very useful for human identification in forensic cases and paternity tests in the Lassa region.     

Y-chromosomal haplotypes for the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR Amplification Kit in a population sample from Central Poland

Haplotype and allele frequencies for 17 Y-STR loci (DYS456, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385 I/II, Y GATA H4, DYS437, DYS438, DYS448, DYS393, DYS391, DYS439, Y GATA C4, DYS392) were determined in 255 unrelated males from central Poland using AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR Amplification Kit. Two hundred and fifty-two different haplotypes were observed. The most common three haplotypes were shared by 0.8% of the sample, respectively. Two hundred and forty-nine haplotypes were encountered only once.     

我国人口迁移和城镇化格局的转折性变化:2000-2020年

通过历次人口普查和相关统计资料分析发现,2000-2020年间我国人口迁移流动和城镇化空间格局已经发生转折性变化。以2010年为界,中西部人口向东部迁移的净增量已由波浪式推高转变为波浪式回落,省际之间的流动人口增长明显减缓,乡城转移的人口年龄红利逐渐消逝,城乡老龄化程度双双增长。其重要原因在于中西部地区经济增长和城镇化速度反超东部。进一步分析发现:我国人口与经济区域均衡发展初露端倪,人口空间格局新变化使区域均衡发展面临新机遇和新挑战;胡焕庸线的稳定性奠定了我国人口发展区域均衡的大格局,未来我国人口空间格局的东西变化仍将主要发生在东南半壁内部的东部沿海与内地之间。