Analysis of AmpFlSTR MiniFiler™ loci and its forensic application

The allele frequencies of eight MiniFiler™ loci have been analyzed in 101 Japanese individuals living in Kanagawa with informed consent by means of ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. A total of 7 alleles for D13S317, 8 alleles for D7S820, 11 alleles for D2S1338, 11 alleles for D21S11, 5 alleles for D16S539, 14 alleles for D18S51, 8 alleles for CSF1PO, and 13 alleles for FGA were observed. The polymorphic profiles of these MiniFiler™ loci in the present study were essentially the same as those obtained by using the AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® PCR Amplification kit. The combined matching probability of eight MiniFiler™ loci and cumulative probability of paternity exclusion were estimated as 1.97 × 10⁻¹⁰ and 0.9996, respectively. The MiniFiler™ kit was useful for individual identification in forensic analysis.     

Déjà vu All Over Again: Investigating Temporal Continuity of Adolescent Victimization

An important theoretical issue in the study of criminal victimization focuses on state dependence or the extent to which prior victimization causally affects subsequent victimization. Framing this issue are two conceptual arguments that posit divergent predictions regarding the impact of past victimization. While “victim labeling” suggests that the experience of prior victimization increases victimization in the future, “victim rationality” suggests that past victimization decreases subsequent victimization. To date there has been little longitudinal research that explicitly evaluates these competing viewpoints. In response, the current study uses panel data from a sample of adolescents to assess the merit of these opposing theoretical frameworks. Against this theoretical backdrop, it is shown that prevailing strategies for the analysis of panel data—random-effects and fixed-effects—produce erroneous results that add confusion to the debate regarding the nature of state dependence processes in criminal victimization. Drawing from advances in econometrics, two estimators that can overcome the problems that plague more traditional panel data models are used to provide a test of the competing victimization perspectives. Results from those analyses suggest support for the thesis that past victimization increases subsequent victimization, but the magnitude of this positive relationship is more modest than is indicated by analytic models that have been utilized in prior longitudinal victimization research.

Genetic peopling of Pakistan: Influence of consanguinity on population structure and forensic evaluation of traces

Pakistan is one of the most consanguineous country in the world [1] where the cousin marriages account for more than half of the total unions. To investigate the genetic evidence of consanguinity in Pakistani populations, 1020 samples were collected from the volunteers belonging to four different populations. The magnitude of the effect of population structure and consanguinity on the calculation of likelihood ratios were also explored.     

人口老龄化对日本制造业出口比较研究--兼论对中国的启示

人口老龄化会通过影响劳动力供给、劳动力年龄分布和劳动效率对制造业出口比较优势产生影响。文章在对日本人口老龄化和出口比较优势现状分析的基础上，通过建立误差修正模型对二者关系进行了实证检验。发现虽然日本制造业在国际市场上具有较强的出口比较优势，但随着人口老龄化程度加剧，出口比较优势呈现下降趋势，这一结果对于不同的出口比较优势指标来说都是稳健的。文章为分析中国人口结构变动的影响提供了借鉴和启示。     

Analysis of 16 Y-chromosomal STRs in an African descent sample population of Chocó (Colombia)

We studied and established a database and some parameters of forensic importance were calculated of 16 Y-STR (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS461, GATA-A10, GATA-H4 and DYS635) in a population of 298 unrelated males of African descent of Chocó (Colombia) and a total of 257 haplotypes were identified using the present set of Y-STR markers, of which 224 were represented only once in the database. Twenty-six haplotypes were presents two times, six haplotypes were presents in three individuals and one haplotype in four men. The haplotype diversity was 0.9987 ± 0.0004. By combining the allelic states of the 16 Y-chromosomal STRs we could construct highly informative haplotypes that allowed the discrimination of 86.2% of the samples tested. With this work we established a database of Y-STR and some parameters of forensic importance. This approach represents a very powerful tool for individual identification and paternity testing in forensic genetic.     

论犯罪信息收集机制的转换

以户籍管理为中心的犯罪信息收集机制的社会条件已经发生了实质性的变化,因而必须对之进行扬弃,建立实有人口管理、治安巡逻和计算机综合信息系统相结合的新机制,并实现组织职能、勤务方式、警务内容和警务手段四个转换.     

大城市利益博弈的人口空间响应研究——以上海市为例

20世纪90年代以来,中国大城市人口空间相继发生变动,主要特点体现在以下几个方面:中心城区人口密度下降同时局部人口密度出现反弹;近郊区人口急剧增长且分布不均衡;流动人口在中心城与郊区呈现速度不一的增长态势,表现出与西方国家一般经验模型不同的特征;户籍人口与流动人口的郊区化步伐存在明显差异,人口郊区化出现二元结构.在利益博弈时代,人口空间演变这一社会现象背后的实质是一系列的利益冲突与博弈过程.基于这样的认识,采取了社会学与地理学的交叉协同研究方法,时那些主导大城市人口空间演变的利益冲突与博弈机制进行了剖析,这种跨学科交叉研究对城市宏观决策有一定启示意义.研究结论表明,政府回归公共利益代表的角色,并建立恰当的利益诉求与协调机制,是引导大城市人口布局调整走出困境的出路.     

岫岩满族9个STR基因座遗传多态性

目的用复合荧光扩增体系调查辽宁鞍山岫岩满族无关个体D6S1043、D7S3048、D9S925、D11S2368、D14S608、D15S659、D17S1290、D20S470和GATA198B05等9个STR基因座的遗传多态性。方法用本实验室构建的9个常染色体STR基因座荧光复合扩增体系,对辽宁鞍山岫岩满族252个无关个体的DNA进行PCR扩增,3130型基因分析仪电泳检测扩增产物及等位基因分型标准物,GeneMapper誖3.2分析软件中导入本体系Panel和Bin,对电泳结果进行分析,按照重复序列重复次数命名等位基因,使用Power-StatsV12和GENEPOP软件进行统计学分析。结果 9个STR基因座在辽宁鞍山岫岩满族基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P﹥0.05),多态性信息含量在0.750～0.860之间,杂合度在0.794～0.881之间,个体识别力在0.918～0.968之间,非父排除概率在0.587～0.757之间,累积非父排除率为0.999 96,累积个体识别能力为0.999 999 999 999 1。结论这9个非CODIS系统STR基因座在鞍山岫岩满族群体中等...     

流动人口犯罪对策研究

随着城市化进程的推进,大量流动人口涌进城市,随之而来的是居高不下的流动人口犯罪,流动人口犯罪成为危及城市社会稳定的重要因素。因此,深刻剖析流动人口犯罪的现状和原因,并提出有针对性的对策成为当务之急。     

城市少数民族流动人口权利贫困问题论析

权利贫困问题是少数民族流动人口在城市中面临的重要问题之一。在对少数民族流动人口权利贫困界定的基础上,分析了少数民族流动人口的经济权利贫困、社会权利贫困、文化权利贫困、政治权利贫困问题,认为探讨少数民族流动人口的权利贫困问题不能纳入到政治框架中去理解,而是一种伴随少数民族人口流动出现的社会经济现象。少数民族流动人口的权利贫困与经济贫困关系密切,权利贫困问题的产生与制度性社会排斥以及自身能力不足有关。