试论我国人口老龄化的对策

我国在社会经济不太发达的情况下,“未富先老”,像其他经济发达国家一样,跨入了人口老龄化的行列。应积极关注人口老龄化的发展趋势,大力发展老龄产业,建立和完善社会养老保障,探索适合中国国情的养老模式。     

20世纪40年代罗家伦对近代中国民族国家建构与民族发展问题的理论探讨

20世纪40年代,罗家伦顺应中国走向现代化的趋势,从民族与经济、政治、教育、人口、宗教、法律制度、语言文字、地理环境等方面关系的角度探讨了近代中国民族国家建构问题,形成了较为系统的民族发展理论。罗家伦将中国民族国家的建构与现代化联系起来,他所注重的工业化、科学化、民主化以及人的现代化,实质上都是现代化的基本内容。他的民族国家建构理论的主流,正是中华民族在落后的历史条件下,希望通过借鉴世界各国先进的技术和经验,通过自己的发展和创造,赶上先进国家、实现民族现代化的具体体现。     

关于收容遣送综合运作体系的思考

当前,外来流动人口收容遣送工作存在着一定的盲目性。以“高危外来人口群体”为主攻方向,以信息建设为突破口,可以提高外来流动人口收容遣送工作的针对性和有效性。     

流动人口犯罪主体预防对策

搞好流动人口犯罪的主体预防工作 ,减少流动人口犯罪的危害性 ,对于促进社会“两个文明”的协调发展 ,具有十分重要的意义。流动人口犯罪的主体因素具体表现为 :(一 )流动人口中许多人法制观念淡薄是造成违法犯罪的根本原因 ;(二 )不健康心理是导致流动人口犯罪的重要原因 ;(三 )文化素质低是流动人口犯罪的主要原因等五个方面。要从根本上解决流动人口违法犯罪问题 ,应从加强文明教育 ,树立正确的世界观 ,加强文化控制 ,弘扬主体文化等三方面入手     

实施可持续发展战略需深入研究和解决的几个重大问题

在实施可持续发展战略的过程中 ,要特别注意控制人口、节约资源、保护环境 ,要根据我国国情 ,采取一系列有效措施 ,促使我国经济及社会的发展同人口增长、资源利用、环境保护相适应。要把经济社会发展与人口、资源、环境等结合起来 ,统筹安排 ,综合协调 ,从而使可持续发展战略取得良好成效。     

Use of subpopulation data in Australian forensic DNA casework

DNA profiling evidence presented in court should be accompanied by a reliable estimate of its evidential weight. In calculating such statistics, allele frequencies from commonly employed autosomal microsatellite loci are required. These allele frequencies should be collected at a level that appropriately represents the genetic diversity that exists in the population. Typically this occurs at broadly defined bio-geographic categories, such as Caucasian or Asian. Datasets are commonly administered at the jurisdictional level. This paper focuses on Australian jurisdictions and assesses whether this current practice is appropriate for Aboriginal Australian and Caucasian populations alike. In keeping with other studies we observe negligible differences between Caucasian populations within Australia when segregated geographically. However segregation of Aboriginal Australian population data along contemporary State and Territory lines appears to mask the diversity that exists within this subpopulation. For this reason datasets collated along more traditional lines may be more appropriate, particularly to distinguish the most genetically differentiated populations residing in the north of the continent.     

16 STR data of a Greek population

Allele frequencies for 16 STR loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA, and SE33) were calculated for a sample of 300 unrelated individuals from Greece. No deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed for all loci. The combined power of discrimination (PD) and the combined power of exclusion (PE) for the 16 tested STR loci were 0.999999999 and 0.999999816, respectively. Population comparisons were carried out and low genetic distances were found between our data and those previously published for other neighbouring European populations.     

Results of Y-SNP typing in three different populations

Y-SNPs are additional markers which came in the focus of forensic scientists since several years. The presented study uses 29 of these polymorphisms to detect the distribution of the haplogroups. Samples of three different European populations (one population is located in Far East, the Primorye Region of Russia) previously typed with Y-STRs were investigated. The results show the high potential of these markers to get information about the geographic origin of the paternal line.     

Polymorphism of eight X-chromosomal STRs in a Japanese population

Eight X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) markers were analyzed in 258 unrelated Japanese (144 males and 114 females) using Mentype^® Argus X-8 PCR Amplification Kit (Biotype AG) which contains DXS7132, DXS7423, DXS8378, DXS10074, DXS10101, DXS10134, DXS10135 and HPRTB. The DXS10135 locus proved to be highly polymorphic marker (PIC: 0.945) and the DXS7423 showed the lowest value (PIC: 0.453). The exact test for genotype distribution showed no significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.     

Population data of eight X-chromosomal STR markers in Ewe individuals from Ghana

The investigation of the X-linked DNA markers are well established in the forensic routine case work. We studied an Ewe population sample from Ghana. The eight X-chromosomal STRs DXS10135, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS10074, HPRTB, DXS10101, DXS10134 and DXS7423 were analyzed in 182 Ewe individuals (108 females and 74 males) from the region of Sogakofe (Ghana). Allele frequencies and statistical parameter as well as comparison with known data from Germans and with data from an Amharic population (Ethiopia) are presented.