An STR database on the Volga-Ural population

This work develops a reference STR database on the Volga-Ural population, Russia, comprised of 640 individuals that were sampled from eight ethnic groups (Finno-Ugric Mari, Mordva-Moksha, Mordva-Erzja, Komi-Permjak, and Udmurt, and Turkic-speaking Bashkir, Tatar-Mishary, and Chuvash) and typed with 10 autosomal STR markers: TH01, CSF1P0, FGA, vWA, D3S1358, TPOX, D16S539, D8S1179, D13S317, FES. The groups differentiate in allele frequencies, and therefore we computed θ-values between allele frequencies in each ethnic groups and those in the database as a measure of their differentiation. Nevertheless, the Volga-Ural ethnic groups form a relatively compact cluster that greatly deviate from the Romanic Moldovans and the Turkic Yakuts, taken for comparison, and are closer to the Slavic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians, although significantly differ from those as well.     

Developing STR databases on structured populations: The native South Siberian population versus the Russian population

Developing a forensic DNA database on a population that consists of local ethnic groups separated by physical and cultural barriers is questionable as it can be genetically subdivided. On the other side, small sizes of ethnic groups, especially in alpine regions where they are sub-structured further into small villages, prevent collecting a large sample from each ethnic group. For such situations, we suggest to obtain both a total population database on allele frequencies across ethnic groups and a list of θ-values between the groups and the total data. We have genotyped 558 individuals from the native population of South Siberia, consisting of nine ethnic groups, at 17 autosomal STR loci of the kit packages AmpFlSTR SGM Plus и AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus. The groups differentiate from each other with average θ-values of around 1.1%, and some reach up to three to four percent at certain loci. There exists between-village differentiation as well. Therefore, a database for the population of South Siberia is composed of data on allele frequencies in the pool of ethnic groups and data on θ-values that indicate variation in allele frequencies across the groups. Comparison to additional data on northeastern Asia (the Chukchi and Koryak) shows that differentiation in allele frequencies among small groups that are separated by large geographic distance can be even greater. In contrast, populations of Russians that live in large cities of the European part of Russia are homogeneous in allele frequencies, despite large geographic distance between them, and thus can be described by a database on allele frequencies alone, without any specific information on θ-values.     

保障流动人口合法权益 促进厦门和谐社会建设

随着厦门市经济发展和社会进步,流动人口劳工总量呈稳步上升之势.虽然厦门市在保障流动人口权益、促进厦门和谐社会建设方面取得了显著成绩,但还存在着一些问题,为此应采取措施,保障流动人口合法权益,促进和谐社会建设.     

Analysis of 124 SNP loci included in HID Ampliseq identity panel in a small population of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

Implementation of massively parallel sequencing platforms can bring a great contribution to Forensic Genetics field, with a great saving of time and costs, as well as allowing reliable results to be obtained from small or extremely degraded samples. The aim of this work was to analyze 124 SNP loci (90 autosomal and 34 Y-SNP) included in HID-Ion Ampliseq Identity Panel in a small sample from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Samples from 12 non-related individuals were amplified with HID-Ion Ampliseq Identity Panel and sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM platform (Thermo Fisher Scientific); genotypes were generated with HID SNP Genotyper plugin and forensic parameters were calculated with PowerStats v.12. All samples were successfully genotyped and were used to calculate allele frequencies, homozygosity, heterozygosity, random match probability (RMP) and exclusion power for all 90 autosomal SNP loci. Using the formula proposed by Budowle et al. (1996), only 4 of the 90 loci genotyped (4,4%) showed allele frequencies below the minimum required. It means that although a small set of individuals was used on this study, it may have shown a good perspective of Rio de Janeiro state allele frequencies. Among the 11 male samples analyzed, a prevalence of the haplogroup R1b of Y chromosome was observed, followed by the haplogroups E, Q and J. Such distribution reflects the results demonstrated in other studies for the population of Rio de Janeiro. All results together demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of SNP analysis on Ion Torrent PGM.     

论构建和谐城市进程中的外来人口及其治安行政管理

外来人口对城市稳定与发展有着重大的影响,既有积极效应又有消极效应。从消极方面看,增加了城市负担,加剧了城市衣、食、住、行等方面的矛盾;从积极方面看,繁荣了市场,促进了城市物资、信息交流和经济发展,加快了城市建设的速度,大大促进了城市建设的发展,方便了城市人民生活,在稳定社会和构建和谐城市进程中起到了一定的积极作用。因此,对外来人口实行科学的治安行政管理,首选之策应该是以“动”制“动”,以“外”管“外”,保护外来人口的合法权益,寓管理于服务之中,引导外来人口的流出、流入,使之由盲目无序转为有目的、有秩序的流动。     

论强关系的凸显与当前我国社会分层

自改革以来，强关系在资源和地位获得过程中的作用日前凸显，加剧了资源封闭，促进了精英的再生，增强了阶层结构刚性，阻碍了低层阶层的向上流动，并在很大程度上影响了经济、社会的协调发展。这是由于政府法律、制度、政策不够完善，相关职能部门的执行能力弱化以及功能异化，导致人们有可能或不得不转而依赖强关系。因此，我们必须在加强现代社会建设和培育现代社会资本的同时，努力完善制度政策，加强相关部门职能建设，加快制度结构调整，形成政府、市场与以弱关系为基础的社会之间多元并存、相互制约、相互弥补的制度结构，为促进合理的社会分层机制与社会阶层结构创造条件。     

Autosomal microsatellite data from Northwestern Colombia

Allele frequencies and some forensic parameters for 12 autosomal microsatellites (CSF1PO, TPOX, THO1, VWA, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818, F13A1, FESFPS, F13B, LPL) were estimated from three departments from Northwestern Colombia. The total number of samples analysed was 1045 individuals.Comparative analysis among the three studied departments and with other published Colombian populations were also performed and discussed.     

试论人口萎缩对国家安全的影响

从国家安全的角度来看,一个国家必须保持一个适度的人口规模,不仅是因为民族及文化得以延续的需要,也是正常进行社会分工的最起码的条件。而人口的过度萎缩会给工业国家带来国家和民族的“集体自杀”、人口的过度老龄化以及民族结构的改变等对国家安全的不利影响。对中国而言,适度的人口萎缩并不会对中国的文化和种族的延续构成威胁,反而有利于缓解在资源和环境方面所承受的巨大压力,但是过快、过急的人口萎缩会改变中国合理的人口结构,从而引发社会、经济和政治问题,并对国家安全构成威胁。     

Population data of Y-chromosomal STRs in lithuanian, latvian and estonian males

Data of nine Y-chromosomal STRs, the so called “extended core set”, were obtained from 152 unrelated males from Lithuania, 145 from Latvia and 133 from Estonia. The haplotype data reported here have been included into the Y-STR database maintained at the Institute of Legal Medicine, Humboldt-University, Berlin.