An evaluation of the effectiveness of positive behavioural support within a medium secure mental health forensic service

A number of recent influential reports recommend the use of proactive and preventative approaches such as Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) in the management of challenging behaviours. Although evidence supporting the use of PBS is mainly drawn from studies of learning disability and child populations, it is recognised that PBS could have a much wider utility. In this study, PBS was implemented in a medium secure forensic mental health service, a novel context. Impact was evaluated using an adapted version of the Checklist of Challenging Behaviour at baseline and then at 3 monthly intervals for a year. Significant reductions were observed in aggression frequency, management difficulty and severity and other challenging behaviour frequency and management difficulty. Reductions in challenging behaviour were still evident after six months for the full group and twelve months for the sub-group with the exception of other challenging behaviour management difficulty. In contrast, no such significant differences were found for a control group. This study indicated that PBS was an effective intervention in the management of challenging behaviour in this forensic mental health context.     

计量经济分析能够“发现”理论吗？——兼论实证主义或证伪主义的逻辑缺陷

基于逻辑实证主义来构建经济理论会遇到严重的“休谟问题”：一方面,当检验结果与理论一致时,不能简单地认定理论被证实了,因为还有更多的事实并没有得到检验;另一方面,当检验结果与理论发生差错时,也不能简单地以为原先的理论错了．因为经济理论所基于的条件根本是不可重复的。其实,经济学理论的发展并不是建立在一次性证实或证伪的基础之上,而是随着大量新事实的出现而导致原范式或纲领被不断修正,或者以原纲领“退化”为标志的,经济理论的发展体现在两个方面：逻辑的完善性和问题的解决度。     

积极心理品质的培养--论新民警的心理素质强化训练

我国公安民警的心理素质相对来说处于一个薄弱环节,亟待改进.新民警的初任培训是进行心理素质训练的最好时期.对新民警的心理素质训练应当以积极心理品质的培养为主,其核心是积极认知图式的构建.积极心理品质培养的方法除了必要的理论教学之外,更重要的是采用行为训练的方式进行体验式教学,而且应与其它公安学科的学习与训练相结合.     

新形势下对高校思想政治教育现实意义的思考

近年来,随着经济全球化的到来和高校教育体制改革的不断深入.高校思想政治教育问题越来越受到人们的关注。它不仅关系到青年学生的健康成长、顺利就业等现实问题,也影响着改革开放和现代化建设,有序开展高校思想政治教育有着积极的现实意义。     

Participation in Extracurricular Activities in the Middle School Years: Are There Developmental Benefits for African American and European American Youth?

In this study, we examined the associations between organized activity participation during early adolescence and adjustment in a large and economically diverse sample of African American and European American youth. The sample included 1,047 youth (51% female and 49% male and 67% African American and 33% European American). We used analysis of covariance techniques to examine links between participation in 8th grade school clubs, school sports teams, and out of school recreational activities and adjustment at 8th and 11th grade, controlling for a set of self-selection factors measured at 7th grade prior to activity involvement. Organized activity participation was associated with higher than expected grades, school value (i.e. perception of importance of school for the future), self-esteem, resiliency, and prosocial peers, and lower than expected risky behavior, though the pattern of findings differed by activity context, outcome, and time point. In a few of the models, the relation between activity participation and adjustment varied by gender, race, and socioeconomic status.

试析使用基层公安领导人才正效应的消减及成因

使用好公安基层领导人才,是公安队伍第一线建设的重要环节,是调动公安人才积极性的重要手段,使他们被激发出以在新的更广阔的公安实践平台上继续努力、再创佳绩的积极性和良好的精神状态为表现形式的使用公安基层领导人才的正效应.但现实中,这种正效应的理想值与实际值常常差距过大,未能预期地达到使用公安基层领导人才之目的.这是公安人才资源的隐性损耗.对这种正效应的消减因素及成因进行分析,可给公安用人者用好公安基层领导人才以启示.     

充分发挥宗教教义的积极要素为促进经济社会发展服务

宗教作为一种世界性的思潮和现象延续于人类社会,必然有其生存的合理性。我们透过一些现象可以看到,宗教教义中蕴藏着丰富的积极要素。它倡导信众注重道德修养,主张家庭成员间要互敬互爱、和睦相处,注重社会关系的和睦,强调人们要珍惜自然。我们应把这些积极要素发掘出来,并应用于社会,相信它能为促进经济社会的发展提供积极的精神力量。     

Party identification in the Czech Republic: inter-party hostility and party preference

This study introduces basic models of voting behavior and describes in greater detail the findings and starting points of the model of party identification. It recapitulates findings related to the voting behavior in the Czech Republic throughout the nineties, as well as the reasons leading to the application of the party identification model to the analyses of voting behavior. The influence of positive feelings toward the elected party and negative feelings toward the other parties are tested here. The study explores in particular the influence of inter-party hostility on the voting behavior, and tests it both separately and in combination with the subjective social class and subjective political orientation.     

论作为人权的医疗卫生服务保障权

健康权的争议性首先表现在健康权概念名称的争议性上。现有健康权、医疗权、卫生保健权等概念名称上的分歧,是因为忽略了各种权利所指向的义务对象和设定的义务内容的不同。作为基本人权针对国家并使国家承担建立医疗保障体系和公共卫生服务体系、保障和促进人民健康义务的积极权利是医疗卫生服务保障权,而不是健康权或其它权利。     

“富强”语境下的可欲性自由剖析——康有为和严复自由观之比较

由于西方的冲击,19世纪末20世纪初成为近现代中国的一个转型期,在这一特定的历史情境中,康有为和严复以各自的理论视角探索中国的富强之路,而在当时富强也几乎成为压倒性话语。即便在富强语境下,康有为和严复依然为自由留下了探讨的理论空间,某种程度上他们探讨的就是自由与富强的关系问题,他们主张在富强语境下自由也是可欲的,只不过它被富强所涵容而已。通过文本解读,我们发现,康有为和严复二人基本上都对自由作积极和消极两种解,也就是说他们既承认自由是一种工具善又承认自由是一种目的善,不过他们的侧重点有所不同:康有为更多倾向于积极自由,而严复更多倾向于消极自由。