Relationships Between Discretionary Time Activities,Emotional Experiences,Delinquency and Depressive Symptoms Among Urban African American Adolescents

Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), this cross-sectional study examined mediated and moderated associations between different types of discretionary time activities and depressive symptoms and delinquency among a sample of 246 (107 boys, 139 girls) fifth through eighth grade urban African American adolescents. More time spent in passive unstructured activities was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms only for adolescents residing in less dangerous neighborhoods, whereas more time spent in active unstructured activities was associated with higher levels of delinquency only if adolescents resided in more dangerous neighborhoods. Alienation was positively associated with depressive symptoms and delinquency, but neither alienation nor positive affect mediated the relationship between activities and adjustment. These findings suggest the importance of considering neighborhood environment issues when determining what types of discretionary time activities are most beneficial for urban African American young adolescents.

Harsh Discipline and Child Problem Behaviors: The Roles of Positive Parenting and Gender

This study examined harsh verbal and physical discipline and child problem behaviors in a community sample of 2,582 parents and their fifth and sixth grade children. Participants were recruited from pediatric practices, and both parents and children completed questionnaire packets. The findings indicated that boys received more harsh verbal and physical discipline than girls, with fathers utilizing more harsh physical discipline with boys than did mothers. Both types of harsh discipline were associated with child behavior problems uniquely after positive parenting was taken into account. Child gender did not moderate the findings, but one dimension of positive parenting (i.e., parental warmth) served to buffer children from the detrimental influences of harsh physical discipline. The implications of the findings for intervention programs are discussed. This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.     

外资并购我国企业若干问题研究

在国际并购浪潮的大背景下,众多外商投资者将并购目标瞄准了中国市场,形成了一股并购我国企业的热潮。外资并购的积极作用是明显的,同时带来的问题也是突出的。加快完善立法,控制资产流出,加强并购审批监管是当务之急。     

消极自由与积极自由理论辩证－－兼论我国社会主义政治文明建设的路径选择

消极自由观和积极自由观各有其理论根源和现实依据 ,也各有其片面性和局限性 ,实现两者的有机结合 ,是实现自由的重要前提和必然要求。就其总体精神气质而言 ,马克思主义的自由观是积极自由的自由观 ,但这并不意味着马克思主义排斥消极自由。特别是在我国已经完成了社会主义革命、建立了社会主义制度 ,并且确立了依法治国这一治国方略的新的历史条件下 ,我们应该根据时代和实践的需要来丰富和发展马克思主义自由观 ,实现消极自由与积极自由的有机结合 ,建设社会主义政治文明。     

Identification and analysis of human remains recovered from wells from the 1991 War in Croatia

From 1996 to the present, the remains of 61 individuals killed during the 1991 War in Croatia were recovered from both dried out and functioning wells. Positive identification was established in 60.7% or 37/61 cases. Remains recovered from the same geographical region but from non-well settings were identified in 77.4% or 1256/1623 cases. The purpose of this paper is to report on the taphonomic, demographic and trauma characteristics of remains recovered from wells and identify factors responsible for the discrepancy in the identification ratios. The age and sex distributions in the well and non-well series were similar, as were the frequencies of recovered personal documents, jewelry and other artifacts. The taphonomic features of the remains were, however, significantly different. Preservation of remains was considerably better in non-well settings (1400/1623 or 86.3% compared to 40/61 or 65.5% in wells). Congruently, commingling of remains was more frequent in wells (26/61 or 42.6% compared to 77/1623 or 4.7% in non-well settings). In bodies recovered from non-well settings the preservation, state and commingling of the remains were strongly correlated with positive identification. None of these features were correlated with the identification of bodies from wells. Instead, identification of remains from wells was significantly affected by the presence or absence of water in the well. As both series have similar frequencies, and identical rankings of identification factors, the reason for the discrepancy in the identification ratios lies in the fact that by themselves, these factors were rarely sufficient for positive identification. In both series the majority of identifications (51.4% in the well, and 58.1% in the non-well series) were established through a combination of biological and non-biological features. The significantly lower identification ratio in the well series resulted from the difficult recovery conditions in wells with significant amounts of water, and the negative effect that water had on the preservation of clothing, personal artifacts and some dental features. Significant differences were also noted in the types and locations of perimortem traumas. There is a significantly higher frequency of entrance gunshot wounds to the back of the head, suggestive of execution style murders, in the well series.     

Participation in Youth Programs as a Catalyst for Negotiation of Family Autonomy with Connection

Current research and theory suggest that the healthy path of autonomy development involves gradual negotiation of adolescents’ independence within a context of continued family connection. This theory-generating study examined the role that adolescents’ participation in youth programs plays in these adolescent-parent negotiations. Qualitative data from high-school-aged youth in 12 programs and from a sub-sample of parents were analyzed employing methods of grounded theory. These analyses suggest that program participation provides a pathway of opportunities for youth to exercise individual choice and develop qualities of self-reliance with parental approval. In turn, parents’ observation of self-reliance in the program and youth's demonstration of these qualities in family interactions can lead to changes in adolescent-parent relationships that provide youth greater family autonomy with connection.

网络媒体与和谐社会

构建社会主义和谐社会,是全国人民的责任,需要全社会共同努力,网络媒体的建设发展也是其中必不可少的一个环节。网络媒体在构建和谐社会的进程中不仅具有积极作用,而且也凸显其负面作用。因此,必须全面认识网络媒体所起的正反两方面的作用,理清其所担负的历史责任,从构建和谐社会的高度来认识、管理、利用、发展网络媒体,营造和谐的网络舆论环境。     

论公法上财产权——以存在根据、成立要件和表现形式为主

私有财产权中的"私有"应解为"私人享有"而非"依私法享有",因此,私有财产权既可为私法上权利,亦可为公法上权利.公法上财产权存在的根据在于宪法上私有财产权在行政法上的直接适用和宪法规定在行政法上的具体化.公法上财产权不能由公法规范和公权力主体的义务直接导出,其成立还需要以该公法规范至少同时亦具有保护特定私人财产利益的目的为前提.基于私人在公法上的一般法律地位,公法上财产权可大致区分为消极的公法上财产权和积极的公法上财产权两大类.     

略论叙事在中国社会研究中的运用及其限制

由于实证主义科学观支配了主流社会学的研究,预设它是惟一客观可靠的知识类型,从而使质性研究越来越被排斥到了边缘地位。叙事作为质性研究的一种,不仅仅是一种文学手法或情感表达,它与逻辑科学话语同样是一种基本的认知方式,对于丰富社会学的想象力有着重要的意义。叙事在中国社会研究中具有独特的地位,这是为中国社会生活的变通性、过程性和模糊性所决定的。叙事是否成功,取决于作者的问题感、材料的复杂性和讲故事的技巧。方法与研究对象是一致的,因此,与其用“叙事的时刻”去颠覆统计社会学的神话,不如为适当的问题选择适当的方法,克服韦伯所谓“方法论的瘟疫”。     

Socialist Heroes in East German Schoolbooks

Based on examples of socialist heroes from East German schoolbooks and teaching guides designed for elementary school, this essay examines the role of state ideology in primary education. It assesses the German curriculum of the now-defunct German Democratic Republic (GDR) and illuminates distinctions between civic education and political propaganda. It also shows how the curricular emphasis on socialist virtue helped to form “the socialist personality.”