古典经济学的市场观

西方经济学长期以来一直存在着两大主要流派的分歧,即凯恩斯主义和经济自由主义的争论。这些流派对现代宏观经济波动及治理问题的讨论,往往都从古典经济学中寻找理论的支撑或批判的靶子,而古典经济学的市场观实际上是市场经济的效率观,有严格的限定条件,如果将其放在现代市场经济波动问题中来讨论都会发生理论认识上的误解。     

望远镜里的法经济学:理论架构和分析工具

法律经济学是利用经济分析的架构探讨法学问题。在面对各种官司时,除了诉诸相关的法条之外,还要有意识地提醒自己:思索和分析的工具,到底是什么?法学里常把问题分为两类,程序问题和实体问题;透过程序,处理实体。经济分析也是如此,透过各种分析技巧,厘清问题;实质问题所涉及的价值取舍,通常是分析的第二步或第三步。在法学教育中,几乎很少提到"往前看"的观点;当"如何善后"变得纠缠不清时,"往前看"的视角往往能另辟蹊径、豁然开朗。最重要的是,法律经济学的方法论,是先建构了解社会的一般性、原则性理论,再以之探讨法学问题。经济分析的特色和说服力如何,最好让证据来说话。     

环境管理中经济刺激制度的运行机制——兼对“太湖蓝藻事件”的法律经济学分析

轰动全国的"太湖蓝藻事件"是2008年中国环境污染大事簿中无法令人释怀的一件。文章以该事件作为文章论述的引子,采法律经济学视角解读环境污染根源,着重分析建立在两大环境经济手段理论上的两大经典经济刺激制度的运行机制,即运用科斯定理的明晰产权制度和使用著名的"庇古税"理论的排污费制度。文章的创新在于摆脱了"枯燥"的理论讲解,以"太湖蓝藻事件"贯穿全文作为解读对象,运用理论解读太湖渔塘的产权问题、太湖渔民与化工企业的产权交易问题,以此对中国的环保管理政策与制度加以评述,并指出目前作为中国经济刺激制度的排污费制度的实质。     

走向“信息完美”——论科斯定理对庭审过程的启示

运用科斯定理可以对民事诉讼中双方当事人之间的“和解”要价进行定量分析,但是科斯定理分析问题的一个重要假设是“信息完美”,这在现实中是不存在的。博弈论认为策略行为的实质是博取“私人信息”,诉讼的发生率则与信息不对称有较大的关联。故庭审程序的设计应当要有利于各方获取他方的证据信息,便于当事人进行信息比较和估计;庭审过程则应便于当事人获取对称的决策信息为目标;法官在庭审过程中的作用其实就是引导当事人从不完美信息趋向完美信息。双方当事人会根据证据交换、庭审质证认证的情况并结合自己可以接受的成本和风险底限决定自己的强硬策略值最终达到策略均衡。这样方可有效提高和解率。     

波斯纳法律经济分析学说述评

波斯纳法律经济分析学说坚持效益应当被看做是法律的基本价值,它的效益理论的价值和经济分析方法是法学理论领域的重大突破。这个学说在我国市场经济条件下有特别重要的意义。     

Income transfers,entrepreneurial effort,and the Coase theorem: The case for efficiency reconsidered

The Coase theorem asserts that private bargaining can overcome the difficulties posed by an externality situation and lead to a first-best allocative solution. For such idealized efficiency to be achieved, however, it is generally recognized that certain very special conditions must be met—including the assumption of zero transaction costs. In opposition to this view, the paper argues that the special simplifying conditions usually specified in the literature are not sufficient. Unless stringent supplementary conditions are introduced, private bargaining will not bring about a first-best solution. Indeed, if the standard assumptions are met but the supplementary conditions of the paper are not, government intervention in the externality case can be expected to produce a solution that is Pareto superior to the one generated by private bargaining.     

An Evaluation of Statistical Methods for the Determination of Age of Death Using Dental Root Translucency and Periodontosis

Abstract: Lamendin and colleagues (1992) proposed to assess age‐at‐death from root translucency and periodontosis. Several teeth from the same individual were included in their study. In our work, we evaluate the reliability of their formulas without introducing this bias. Our sample was constituted of 214 individuals (114 males and 100 women) selected from the Terry collection (U.S.A.). The R² between age and both indicators is equal to 0.33 and 0.08 (p < 0.001). Based on linear regression, the mean of standard error for individual age prediction was equal to 13.67 years, and the mean interval length is equal to 53.89 years. Multinomial logistic regression and Bayesian approach failed to give satisfactory results when classifying the individuals in age categories. Therefore, the use of root translucency and periodontosis may lead to incorrect age‐at‐death assessment, and it is thus necessary to complement this approach with other techniques to assess age‐at‐death.     

股权优先购买权研究：交易成本视角

结合民法的基本理论和现实的股权交易实际存在的问题,从法经济学尤其是交易成本的角度,对现行《公司法》的有关立法规定进行检讨,股权优先购买权现行立法中存在制度缺陷和操作难度,从便利股权流转和保护交易、降低交易成本的目的出发,应完善现行的股权优先购买权制度。     

Votes and Outcomes: Rethinking the Politics-Like-Markets Metaphor

Legislative and political bodies seldom work like markets. This paper revisits the politics-like-market analogies considering the role of logrolling in political representation. These considerations will hopefully facilitate the assessment of the normative implications of the commodification of political consensus. While certainly corroding some of the aspirational and expressive qualities of the political system, logrolling would ensure a greater opportunity for cardinal preferences to be captured in political decision-making.