“上有政策、下有对策”现象之研究——以煤矿安全生产政策执行受阻为例

政策执行是把政府公共政策付诸实践,解决社会问题的活动.政策执行过程中的利益最大化追求、权力寻租、政策缺陷、监控不力等因素造成了上有政策下有对策行为,保证政策顺利实施就需要建立健全政策执行中的权力制约体系、政策制定体系以及监控体系,从而减少政策执行中的"下有对策"行为的发生.     

New Panthers,old Panthers and the politics of black nationalism in the United States

ABSTRACT

The New Black Panther Party for Self-Defense has been a cause du scandale since it was formed in the early 1990s. Indeed, the Anti-Defamation League has described it as ‘the largest organized anti-Semitic and racist black militant group in America’. It is somewhat surprising, then, that there has been very little detailed analysis of the party and its activities. Mulloy begins to fill this gap by outlining the origins and development of the party, and by closely examining the ongoing dispute between the New Black Panthers and surviving members of the original Black Panther Party—established by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California in 1966—over the right to claim the name, the history and the legacy of the Panthers in the United States. Critically assessing the strategies and actions of the New Black Panthers, Mulloy argues that its high-profile, media-centred approach to political activism has largely been a failure with regard to its overall aim of reviving the Black Power movement in the United States.     

“软警力”视域下的当代和谐警媒关系构建价值研究

当今社会警察与媒体之间有着不可分割的信息关系,两者有着趋同的价值取向和共同的社会责任需求,因此构建和谐警媒关系式提升"软警力"的重要途径。这其中包括提高警察形象的感召力、扩大警察的执法公信力、扩大警察文化的影响力和提升警察制度的吸引力等。     

俄罗斯法官独立制度的构成与运行

苏联末期开始的司法改革为今天俄罗斯法官独立制度的形成奠定了基础。俄罗斯法官独立制度主要是依托《俄联邦宪法》、《俄联邦法官地位法》等形成的,具体包括法官不得兼职、法官行使职权不受干涉、法官的物质保障等制度。随着俄罗斯法治环境的改善,法官独立制度也从最初的成效低微发展到可以逐渐发挥其应有功能。     

浅议应急警务中警察权的扩张

应急警务是公安机关处置各类突发性公共危机事件的特别警务活动,在应急警务中警察权的行使,与正常社会秩序下警察权的行使有所不同。由于突发性危机事件具有突发性、无序性、严重破坏性的特点,为使公安机关迅速有效地平息事端,防止其蔓延,必须赋予公安机关较之常态下更多更具强制力的警察权,使其在一定的原则下可以有条不紊地运用应急权力,采取应急措施,及时有效地应对突发危机事件,发挥更为积极的作用。     

公文碑与古代行政程序探析

中华法系"重实体、轻程序"的特色,几成为人们的共识,但中国古代公文碑所呈现的繁复行政过程及"程序化"特色,对这一共识形成挑战。历时长久、适用广泛、形式多样、存量可观的公文碑是研究中国古代行政权、行政程序、行政监管等法律制度的珍贵史料。碑石上的"行政授权""行政许可"以及"反向行政"等内容,揭示了中国古代行政权在制度建构、秩序维护和社会运行中的关键机制。对包括碑刻在内的传统史料的系统整理和重新发现,对于构建中国传统法律话语体系,具有不可忽视的意义。     

Empirical validation of a family-member prioritization approach to maximize statistical power in missing person cases

In order to prioritize the exhumation of the most informative reference relatives to increase the statistical power of a reference group, a conditional simulation approach for missing person identification that combines both exclusion and inclusion power in reference families has been previously developed. The aim of this study is to empirically validate this approach by comparing its predicted theoretical prioritization model with the observed changes in statistical power in real cases of our laboratory, in which new relatives had already been added. We conclude that this approach is a reliable tool to choose the most appropriate reference relatives to complete a family group and improve the identification power of a Missing Person (MP).     

Power,REDD+ and reforming forest governance in Indonesia

Abstract

This paper analyses the various power relations that shape forest policy and governance reform in Indonesia. It applies Foucault’s theories on power to several key initiatives introduced as part of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). By analysing both the operation and the effects of power relations the paper accounts for how competing actors influence major policy change, and the impact different policies have on governing multiple forest users. Sovereign and disciplinary power underpins government attempts to implement new regulatory, planning and enforcement functions across the forest estate. Policy instruments such as the concession moratorium create securitised territorial zones that enable sustainable forest practices to operate. By contrast, forest management units operate through inclusive strategies that discipline forest users into responsible managers, whilst enforcement excludes those who contravene the law. Productive power and resistance explain efforts by government and non-government actors to progress or limit REDD+. Productive power operates through the multiple activities that generate new knowledge on incentivising carbon, and by engaging new subjects in carbon projects. Community resistance draws on discourses and localised subjectivities focussed on forest dependency and rights, whereas industry networks have been adept at positioning REDD+ as a threat to national development.     

美国等西方国家对华“分化”策略的新变化及对策思考

基于政治制度和意识形态的冲突、地缘政治的竞争和战略的不信任,以美国为首的西方国家对华实施"西化""分化"的战略图谋一刻也没有松懈。近年来,中国的快速发展迫使美国调整了对华实施"分化"战略的策略;同时,由于中国正处于社会转型、改革深化的关键时期,社会矛盾的增多、社会冲突的加剧为美西方的"分化"活动提供了诸多契机和借口。面对美国等西方国家的"分化"活动出现的新形式与新特点,为了维护国家的政治安全,中国不仅要在策略方面进行应对,还需要在战略层面提出适应国家整体发展的"顶层设计",更为重要的是在"软实力"上构建一套让全世界都信服且能与西方相抗衡的价值体系。     

最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的现状、困境与出路——兼对我国《立法法》第99条第1款解释

我国《立法法》预设了最高人民法院提请全国人大常委会进行合宪性审查的路径。从现有裁判文书来看,最高人民法院在实践中并未遵循我国《立法法》所预设的路径,而是在绝大多数案件中回避了合宪性审查诉求,同时又在个别案件中进行了合宪性审查,陷入了完全回避与直接审查的两难困境。造成这种困境的原因在于,我国《立法法》对最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的权力基础、权力行使程序缺乏清晰的规定。对此,亟待通过法律解释进行明确和细化,否则最高人民法院将无章可循,无法贸然提请全国人大常委会进行合宪性审查。为了化解最高人民法院面对的这一困境,有必要对我国《立法法》第99条第1款进行解释,推导出该条款在授予最高人民法院提请审查权时,还隐含着另一项未被释明的权力即预审权,其共同构成最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的权力基础;同时,为了使预审权与提请审查权的行使制度化,有必要对其行使程序进行细化,建立起预审-提请审查机制。