试论人口萎缩对国家安全的影响

从国家安全的角度来看,一个国家必须保持一个适度的人口规模,不仅是因为民族及文化得以延续的需要,也是正常进行社会分工的最起码的条件。而人口的过度萎缩会给工业国家带来国家和民族的“集体自杀”、人口的过度老龄化以及民族结构的改变等对国家安全的不利影响。对中国而言,适度的人口萎缩并不会对中国的文化和种族的延续构成威胁,反而有利于缓解在资源和环境方面所承受的巨大压力,但是过快、过急的人口萎缩会改变中国合理的人口结构,从而引发社会、经济和政治问题,并对国家安全构成威胁。     

Population data of Y-chromosomal STRs in lithuanian, latvian and estonian males

Data of nine Y-chromosomal STRs, the so called “extended core set”, were obtained from 152 unrelated males from Lithuania, 145 from Latvia and 133 from Estonia. The haplotype data reported here have been included into the Y-STR database maintained at the Institute of Legal Medicine, Humboldt-University, Berlin.     

基于相对资源承载力的广东省区域人口问题研究

相对资源人口承载力的测算,能够比较科学地分析研究区相对于参照区的人口发展状态,为研究区制定人口战略、政策提供参考。对相对资源人口承载力测算模型进行改进,引入相对资源人口承载压力指数。选取1997-2007年广东省及21个地级以上区域相对资源人口承载力数据,运用改进后的相对资源人口承载力几何模型和优化的指标,对广东省21个地级以上区域相对资源人口承载力进行分析。结果显示,对于相对资源人口承载力及承载压力的测算,指标匹配的全面性、复合性、协调性,模型的客观程度决定测算的科学与否。广东省21个地级以上区域,人口承载压力总体比较大,珠三角、东翼多数区域人口承载压力呈增大趋势;西翼、粤北山区人口承载压力呈减弱趋势;除广州外,其它区域人口承载压力,相对广东远小于相对全国。     

当前户籍制度改革面临的难点与动力基础分析

近年来,要求改革户籍制度的呼声不断。户籍制度改革面临的难点:1.从资源分配上,统一城乡户口并不意味着相关社会问题会随之解决;2.对于大城市户籍改革成本的认识难以统一;3.统一城乡户口意味着流动的双向性。动力基础:1.城市拉力不断提升;2.农村推力经济的持续发展;3.实现比较利润的平衡化。     

Human Y-specific STR haplotypes in a Slovenian population sample

The allele distribution of the systems DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385 and YCAII were investigated in a sample of 121 unrelated males from Slovenia     

Movie review

An invisible population exists which is doing time with prisoners serving sentences in New York state prisons. Mothers, fathers, wives, husbands, sisters, brothers, and children of prisoners suffer the same isolation, discrimination, and financial and emotional burdens that the prisoners do. The writer, who once served as a chaplain to prisoners receiving care in hospital, tells of her experiences, including her marriage to a prisoner who died within the walls. She discusses his medical care, death, and how she was able to set him free at last. While most of society believes prisoners to be dangerous sociopaths, another segment recognizes their similarities to the rest of us and loves them. Finally, the author calls for understanding and compassion and a restorative approach to justice.     

Early Danish census taking

Census taking in its modern form started in Denmark in 1769, and the next two censuses were taken in 1787 and 1801. Problems that arose during the implementation and tabulation of the first census demonstrate the difficulties in establishing an efficient administration of population statistics from scratch. By trial and error during the course of the first three censuses, the administration learned how to carry out and tabulate a census so that by 1801 census taking had reached a form that could be used for the rest of the 19th century with only minor changes and additions.     

The Antwerp COR*-database: A unique Flemish source for historical-demographic research

This note describes the origin, the history, structure and characteristics of a recently constructed Flemish (the Northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) historical-demographic database. The so-called Antwerp COR*-database offers a unique combination of features: it spans nearly seven decades (1846 to 1920) and consists of information drawn from the population registers and the vital registration records (birth, marriage, and death) of the whole district of Antwerp. Every person whose family name starts with the letter combination COR* is selected in the database. The database covers three linked generations and contains micro-data on the individual level (life courses), intermediary data on family patterns, and macro-data on ecological characteristics.     

Recidivism Among Young Males Sentenced to Prison and Youth Custody

In 1999, Sweden introduced a new Act focused on young persons aged 15–17 who commit serious offences. The object of the Act was to replace prison sentences with a new sanction in the form of youth custody, which would involve a placement in a special approved home. This study constitutes a follow-up comparison of criminal recidivism among young males sentenced to prison prior to the introduction of the Youth Custody Act (1991–1998) and young males sentenced to youth custody following the introduction of the Act (1999–2003). The study shows that the sanction has not only been used as a replacement for prison sentences, but has also led to an expansion in custodial sentencing in the form of ‘net-widening’. There has also been a substantial increase in the length of custodial sentences awarded in connection with the new sanction. A comparison with the youth sanction in Denmark raises questions about the consequences of having expanded the group of youths sentenced to a custodial sanction in Sweden, and of the increased length of the custodial sentences to which this group is subjected.     

A new 15 autosomal STRs multiplex for domestic horse genotyping

Horse genotyping has a wide range of applications such as identification, pedigree verification, parentage test, forensic investigation, population genetics, analysis of diversity, legitimate registration, among others. Following the recommendations of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) regarding the use of non-human (animal) DNA in forensic genetic investigations we have developed a multiplex PCR system of 15 autosomal tetra-nucleotide STRs loci to Equus caballus. The system includes the newly described ECAC2, ECAC4, ECAC5, ECAC9, ECAC10, ECAC12, ECAC14, ECAC15, ECAC18, ECAC21, ECAC23, ECAC26, ECAC28, ECAC29 and ECAC30 loci (on chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 23, 26, 28, 29 and 30, respectively). The polymorphism is in average 8 alleles per marker with a maximum of eleven and a minimum of five for the population studied. All markers were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, except ECAC5 (p = 0.0007). The probabilities of paternity (W), exclusion (PE) and cumulative discrimination (PD) for all loci were greater than 0.9999. This work will contribute to the implementation of standardized horse genotyping systems in the forensic community and the horse industry.