Population genetics of 17 Y-chromosomal STR loci in Japanese

Haplotypes and allele frequencies of 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers were examined using the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) in a population sample of 1166 Japanese male volunteers in 6 prefectures: Miyagi, Yamagata, Osaka, Tottori, Fukuoka, and Okinawa. A total of 1058 haplotypes were observed from 1166 males, and the most common haplotype detected in 12 males had a frequency of 1.03% and the discrimination capacity was 0.907. The R_ST analysis showed statistically significant differences between Okinawa and the other subpopulations.     

论监狱布局

监狱选址与监狱布局既有联系又有区别。监狱布局与监狱总平面布局是两个不同的概念。观念因素、经济因素和监狱管理体制影响监狱的布局。我国现在的监狱布局存在着诸多问题。调整监狱布局时应考虑多种因素。     

罪犯权利本源探析

从本源上认识罪犯权利 ,是客观看待罪犯权利的前提。在历史上 ,罪犯权利是随着以法治、平等、自由为核心的近代法观念而成长起来的 ,人道主义刑罚理论的兴起 ,促进了罪犯权利的发展。在理论上 ,罪犯之所以拥有权利 ,是由罪犯首先是作为人的罪犯、罪犯具有公民资格、社会对罪犯矫正的需要等决定的。     

The distribution of Y-chromosome STRs in Dominican population

We have studied the distribution of Y-chromosome STRs and established a database within population samples from Dominican Republic by analyzing male-specific markers. Laboratorio Clinico Lic Patria Rivas collected in the population samples and this population is truly representative of the entire country. We analyzed 12 Y-STRs loci included in PowerPlex Y (Promega Corporation).     

Distribution of the AMPFLPs YNZ22, 3′APOB and COL2A1 in the population of Galicia (NW Spain)

Two different electrophoretic methods were used for typing three amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AMPFLPs), (3′ApoB, YNZ22 and COL2A1) in a Galician (NW Spain) population sample. Because of the problems of anomalous mobility for the 3′ApoB system and the intermediate alleles found in the COL2A1 system, the use of automated sequencers and denaturing conditions is recommended for typing these two systems. Nevertheless, simple electrophoretic methods, such as the PhastSystem, can be used for YNZ22 typing. Although intermediate COL2A1 alleles can be distinguished with the sequencers, a binning approach was adopted for comparison purposes. The population sampled was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the three systems using an exact test. This type of statistical analysis is more appropriate when the number of alleles in a system is high. No significant differences with other Caucasian populations were found for the three systems studied. The characteristics of the polymorphisms, shown by 3′ApoB, YNZ22 and COL2A1, reflected in the statistical parameters studied, demonstrate that these AMPFLPs are of considerable interest for forensic purposes.     

Y-chromosome markers distribution in Northern Africa: High-resolution SNP and STR analysis in Tunisia and Morocco populations

At the beginning of 2006 more than 301,000 immigrants resident in Italy resulted to come from Tunisia and Morocco, 66% of which are male subjects; in addition, it is estimated that some other thousand are clandestine. Our data show that there is an increasing involvement of Tunisian and Moroccan individuals in paternity testing and in individual identification cases. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to enrich forensic Y-chromosome databases with Northern Africa data to better know markers frequency and their distribution across these populations (in YHRD there are 246 Tunisian samples and 0 Moroccans, access date to www.yhrd.org: August 2007). 103 Tunisian and Moroccan healthy male donors were typed by 17 microsatellites extended haplotype and 41 Y-SNPs. A high-resolution level database was created, including both haplotype and haplogroup for each sample. This study confirmed that precious informations might come both from Y-SNPs haplogroup distribution besides Y-STRs data.     

Factors Associated with Co-occurrence of Spousal and Parental Violence: Quebec Population Study

Although the occurrence of both spousal and parental violence within the same family has been documented, there are scarcely any data on this phenomenon for Quebec and Canada. In analyzing the data from the 2004 Quebec survey on family violence in the lives of children, conducted with a population sample of 3,148 mothers, this study pursued two goals: to determine what differences exist between three groups in which family violence occurs (spousal violence, parental violence and co-occurrence of the two) and to better document the factors related to the different types of family violence by developing an explanatory model. Ecological analyses revealed major differences between these three groups in every aspect examined. Our findings support the hypothesis that families in which spousal and parental violence co-occur are not qualitatively different from those families in which only spousal or only parental violence occurs, but that they differ in the severity of the cases reported.     

新时期对外籍罪犯管理的一些思考

随着我国对外开放的不断扩大,传统的跨国性犯罪,如:洗钱、毒品、黑社会性质组织、恐怖组织等犯罪不断侵入国内并有逐年增加的趋势。云南省监狱关押的外籍犯罪人数也逐年增加。由于外籍犯罪人员情况复杂,给监狱的管理、教育、改造工作提出了新的挑战。探索和构建一套长期有效、科学、系统、规范的管理,教育、改造机制势在必行。     

Mitochondrial DNA control region population data from Macedonia

Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the entire control region were analyzed in 200 unrelated individuals from Macedonia. A total of 163 different haplotypes were found as determined by 177 polymorphic sites. The probability of a random match was calculated as 1:121 (0.83%). The basic phylogenetic structure of the Macedonian population as derived from its haplogroup distribution is in agreement with other West-Eurasian populations. Upon publication, the population data are going to be available in the EMPOP database (www.empop.org) [W. Parson, A. Dür, EMPOP—a forensic mtDNA database, FSI:Genetics 1 (2) (2007) 88–92; W. Parson, A. Brandstätter, A. Alonso, N. Brandt, B. Brinkmann, A. Carracedo, et al., The EDNAP mitochondrial DNA population database (EMPOP) collaborative exercises: organisation, results and perspectives, Forensic Sci. Int. 139 (2–3) (2004) 215–226.].     

Genetic STRs variation in a large population from Tuscany (Italy)

Allele frequencies for 17 STRs, together with some parameters of forensic interest, were estimated in a sample of 835 unrelated individuals born in Tuscany, an Italian region. These data were compared with Italian, Chinese, Kosovo Albanian, Romanian and Tunisian populations, strongly represented in this area. No significant differences in single loci were detected, except for Chinese in comparison with all the other populations.