近十余年澳大利亚中国内地移民人口变化及其对华人社区发展的影响

中国内地对澳移民历史较悠久,并从20世纪90年代起形成了影响至今的对澳移民潮。近十余年,中国内地对澳移民人口数量尤其巨大,达到前所未有的水平,移民人口结构也出现了重大变化,如移民人口中技术移民比例下滑、商业投资移民比例越来越高、归化入籍人口比例越来越低等,这给澳大利亚华人社区的发展带来了深远影响:一方面,中国内地移民人口大幅增长奠定了澳华社区未来发展的人口基础,令中国内地移民成为其主要群体和华人族群形象代表,亦进一步加强了华人社区与中国内地之间的经济社会联系;另一方面,较短时期内中国内地移民人口大幅增加及移民人口结构的重大变化,也引发了澳主流社会对华人族群的疑忌心理,质疑其对澳大利亚的政治忠诚,令华人社区发展陷入了某种尴尬处境。     

当前加强人口治安管理的思路与对策

人口治安管理是治安管理工作中的重要部分。在当前形势下,必须改变传统的人口管理模式,深刻认识人口治安管理的新内涵,明确人口治安管理的基本思路,并从本地区的人口治安管理实际出发,制定人口治安管理的基本对策。     

Accumulation of population polymorphisms in the mitonuclear genome with probable adaptive effect to extreme environments as altitude for forensic purposes

We analyzed the accumulation of population polymorphism in 2504 individuals - nuclear genomes (nDNA) of 26 populations (81 genes associated to extreme environments) and 3295 mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) of 47 populations with the aim to found mitonuclear relationship associated an extremes environment as altitude. For that, we use an algorithm developed by us to determine the accumulation of polymorphisms by segments in the genome and thus be able to perform the multivariate analysis to found SNPs differences and similarities among populations. The results showed in Peruvian population a statistically significant mitonuclear relationship for 113/293970 nDNA SNPs in 16/81 genes. In the case of the mtDNA, we found a statistically significant mitonuclear relationship for 6/22 mtDNA positions – Gene. Additionally for the Peruvian population, the MRPP3 had the greatest polymorphism contribution with respect to other populations. Then, these nDNA and mtDNA SNPs in genetically close populations to Peru can be applied to forensic genomic phenotyping to identify groups likely adapted to extreme conditions (such as altitude) or make individualization between low and high altitude populations.     

基于无监督学习方法的收缩城市识别研究--以粤港澳大湾区9座地级市为例

当今世界,收缩城市作为一种全球性、地方性、复杂性、多维性的现象,逐渐引起学界和社会广泛关注。基于此,论文以粤港澳大湾区城市群中9座地级市为例,从经济、人口、空间地理、行政4个维度出发,通过2008-2017年各城市统计面板数据、灯光遥感数据DMSP/OLS的采集,初步建立了由44项潜在反映收缩城市特征的指标组成的识别体系。在此基础上,论文利用无监督学习中的K均值聚类算法与定量方法中的因子分析等方法划分了城市类别,并通过定性分析初步探究了其中收缩城市的形成原因。结果显示:根据论文最终构建的收缩城市综合识别体系对所研究城市的考察,肇庆、江门、惠州属于"人口流失型收缩城市",具有低城市扩张水平、低城镇化水平、低第二、三产业就业水平等特点。此外,(1)深圳、(2)广州、(3)珠海、中山、东莞和佛山,分别被划分为(1)"全面型扩张城市"、(2)"空间稳定型扩张城市"和(3)"稳定型城市"。而自然条件局限、地区政策引导缺位、区域内基础设施不配套和人口年龄结构变动是该地区收缩城市出现的成因。     

Drug counselling behind the prison wall: staff responses to collaborative challenges

In the last decade, 13 Drug Counselling Units (DCUs) have been established in Norwegian prisons. These units are to offer prisoners with substance use problems coordinated treatment and rehabilitation so they can better cope with their problems during imprisonment and after release. Key means in achieving these goals are to establish inter-agency collaboration between the prison service and the specialist health services. Psychologists, social workers and prison officers from these institutions are to form an inter-professional team in the collaborative process. This study explores the challenges these occupational groups face when they collaborate within this organizational frame. The results show that the occupational groups experience two of the same types of challenges, but that they respond differently to them. The pattern of responses impacts collaboration, both in positive and negative ways. However, all occupational groups endeavour to maintain a high standard within the institutional framework provided by the Norwegian prison system. This article discusses how the responses of the occupational groups in the collaborative processes in the DCUs are influenced by their affiliation to the DCUs, as well as the system of management and professional logic.     

服刑人员监所内再犯罪若干问题探析

服刑人员监所内再犯罪是犯罪恶习的延续,严重破坏了监所正常秩序,必须依法惩处。但目前,对服刑人员监所内再犯罪的处理面临着具体法律规范缺乏、狱内侦查措施缺少法律支撑、相关当事人的诉讼权利无法得到有效保护、服刑人员中特殊群体再犯罪的处置缺少规范等诸多问题。为此,亟需完善监所内再犯罪案件处理的相关立法,明确狱内侦查措施的具体内容,依法保护相关当事人的合法权益,制定针对特殊群体再犯罪问题的特别规定,从而实现依法治监,确保监所安全。     

浅谈上海实有人口管理在基层警务工作中的实践与发展

随着我国经济社会的发展,上海的实有人口总量持续上升,流动性加大,人、房基础信息变动量剧增,对动态化社会条件下的社会治安防控工作提出了重大挑战。基层公安机关在管理实践中,要根据对实有人口、实有房屋全覆盖管理的总体要求,结合辖区实际,创新管理模式,建立与完善长效工作机制。     

Population genetics of 30 insertion-deletion polymorphism in polish Populations

The Investigator DIPplex® kit (Qiagen) contains components for the simultaneous amplification and analysis of 30 biallelic autosomal InDels and amelogenin. The objective of this study was to estimate the diversity of the 30 markers in a Polish population sample (N = 389) and to evaluate their usefulness in forensic genetics. The DIPplex genotype distributions showed no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg rule expectations (Bonferroni corrected). The mean observed heterozygosity value is 0.4611, and the combined Matching Probability value is 1.08x10⁻¹³. The investigated marker set has been confirmed as a potential extension to standard STR - based kits or a separate informative system for individual identification and kinship analysis.     

对流动人口服务管理创新的思考

流动人口服务管理问题,不仅事关流动人口的利益,而且影响到城市化进程的持续推进,甚至将深刻影响其迁居城市的社会稳定及整个国家的和谐发展。面对流动人口数量急速增长、流动时间长期化、流动方式家庭化的形势,借鉴社会管理体制改革理论,创新流动人口服务管理。在推进城乡一体化进程中统筹解决人口问题,由原来的户籍人口、流动人口双轨制管理模式向社会实有人口服务管理模式转变,由政府管理为主向政府依法行政、社区依法自治、基层组织广泛参与的社会化管理服务模式转变。     

Allelic frequencies and statistical data obtained from 48 AIM INDEL loci in an admixed population from the Brazilian Amazon

Allelic frequencies of 48 informative insert-delete (INDEL) loci were obtained from a sample set of 130 unrelated individuals living in Macapá, a city located in the northern Amazon region, in Brazil. The values of heterozygosity (H), polymorphic information content (PIC), power of discrimination (PD), power of exclusion (PE), matching probability (MP) and typical paternity index (TPI) were calculated and showed the forensic efficiency of these genetic markers. Based on the allele frequency obtained for the population of Macapá, we estimated an interethnic admixture for the three parental groups (European, Native American and African) of, respectively, 50%, 21% and 29%. Comparing these allele frequencies with those of other Brazilian populations and the parental populations, statistically significant distances were found. The interpopulation genetic distance (F_ST coefficients) to the present database ranged from F_ST = 0.0431 (p < 0.00001) between Macapá and Belém to F_ST = 0.266 (p < 0.00001) between Macapá and the Native American group.